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Abstract
Political and sociological shifts have profoundly affected state, business and civil society relationships. This paper explores governance as a new form of public–private policymaking wherein stakeholders deliberate on and take action to achieve common goals. It examines how different public spheres facilitate (or not) sustainability debates, and specifically facilitate (or not) discussion about sustainable tourism. Using a case study of the 2009 Australian World Rally Championship, the paper explores the development of the public sphere. Tuckman's group development process – forming, storming, norming and performing – is employed as a lens to understand these processes. Key findings include: the way the public sphere is constituted has a major influence on the dialogue that takes place; citizens are currently reactive, rather than strategic and creative in their engagement; the “third way” project, seeking to empower communities, requires government commitment; there is a blurring of public–private interests; control of knowledge and expertise within the public sphere is largely controlled by corporate and state interests; fast action to secure events prevents debate and engagement; and a discursive public sphere is essential for transparent and accountable governance, and sustainable development, and to move beyond government by powerful corporate interests and extra-local rule systems.
会展旅游政策治理和公共领域
政治和社会的转变深深地影响政府，产业和社会的关系。该文章提出一种政治治理方法作为公共事业私有事业中的利益相关者慎重参与并努力达到共同目标的政策制定的一种新形式。文章探讨了不同的公共事业领域如何促进（不促进）可持续性的辩论，特别是有否促进可持续性旅游的问题。文章用了澳大利亚世界汽车越野冠军赛作为案例，探讨了公共事业的发展。文章用了的集体发展过程 - 包括形成，动荡，规范，完成，来作为理解公共事业发展过程的透视镜。主要发现包括：公共领域构成的方法对发生的事有重要的影响；市民们的参与只停留在反映的层面上，而不是战略性或创造性的；那些所谓的“第三方”项目需要政府的承诺来寻求社区的理解；对公共事业-私有企业之间的兴趣存在很模糊的概念；公共领域中的知识和专业的掌控很大程度上是由政府机构利益决定的；为了使会展安全进行而采用太快的行动往往阻止了讨论和参与；一个开明的公共领域是对透明和可信的政策治理和可持续发展来讲是必须的，并对远离被强有力机构利益控制的政府和附加的当地政权系统是很有效的。