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ABSTRACT
This paper introduces an approach to assessing the sustainability of tourism that takes into account the progress made towards greater sustainability, as well as the current level of sustainability. The Vectorial Dynamic Composite Indicator is based on the goal programming technique. This composite indicator has two components (static and dynamic). The first provides a static assessment of the destination in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. The second allows us to analyse the evolution recorded by the destination from a period taken as a reference to the measurement period. In order to facilitate the use of the vectorial indicator, we define a graphical tool: the Sustainable Tourism Evaluation Chart. The definition of the composite indicator is completed by setting guidelines for its use obtained from a comparative empirical study focused on some of the main European destinations.
可持续旅游综合指标：动态评估管理可持续性的变化
本文介绍了一种评估旅游业可持续性的方法，即使用矢量动态综合指标，它同时考虑到可持续性的当前水平及未来情况。该指标以目标规划技术为基础，包含静态与动态两部分。前者提供了目的地优势与劣势的静态评估。后者可以分析由目的地记录的样本期到测评期的演变过程。研究者定义出可持续旅游评估图这种图形工具以促进矢量指标的使用。而综合指标的完整定义是通过在一些主要的欧洲旅游目的地的实证比较研究中，设定指标使用指引获得的。
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Pablo de Olavide University by Grants [number APP2D06058 and number APPB813070] and Andalusian Regional Government by Grant [number SEJ-6728 and SEJ-417]. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the referees and the editors for their valuable and helpful comments, which have improved the quality of the paper. We would like to thank Giles Collinge Genovese for editing the English.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Notes on contributors
F.J. Blancas
Dr Francisco J. Blancas is an assistant professor in the Department of Economics, Quantitative Methods and Economic History at Pablo de Olavide University (Seville, Spain). His research focuses on sustainable tourism, sustainability indicators and constructing composite indicators methods. He has published on these topics in several well-known international journals such as Ecological Indicators, Ecological Economics, Social Indicator Research, Journal of Gender Studies and Science of the Total Environment. In addition, his research interests are related to well-being, social indicators and other field where indicators are used as measurement tools.
M. Lozano-Oyola
Dr Macarena Lozano-Oyola is an associate professor in the Department of Economics, Quantitative Methods and Economic History at Pablo de Olavide University (Seville, Spain). She has published research papers in scientific journals, as well as 3 books, 17 book chapters and 56 conference proceedings. Her main research interests are in sustainable development, environmental management systems and sustainable tourism indicators.
M. González
Dr Mercedes González is an associate professor in the Department of Applied Economics (Mathematics) at University of Malaga, Spain. She has published several research papers in scientific journals, such as European Journal of Operational Research, TOP, Ecological Economics, Ecological Indicators, Journal of Multicriteria Decision Analysis, 3books, 16 book chapters and 49 conference proceedings. Her main research interests are in economic applications of optimisation methods, multicriteria decision analysis and constructing composite indicators.
R. Caballero
Dr Rafael Caballero is a professor in the Department of Applied Economics (Mathematics), at University of Malaga (Spain). He is interested in the field of multiple objective programming, heuristics methods and application to problems in the public sector, sustainable tourism, sustainability indicators and constructing composite indicators. He has published research papers in scientific journals, 12 books, 40 book chapters and over 200 conference proceedings.