Effects of elevated CO₂ on the development and physiological metabolic activities of Nilaparvata lugens in response to the infection of Trichoderma asperellum

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. are widely used in agriculture as biofungicides. In this study, effects of elevated CO₂ on the growth and enzyme activities of Nilaparvata lugens infected by T. asperellum were studied. The results showed that fecundity of N. lugens adversely decreased under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂ irrespective of infection with T. asperellum. The contents of protein and alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased in N. lugens nymphs with T. asperellum infection under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO_2. Significantly higher activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were observed in N. lugens infested with T. asperellum under elevated CO₂ compared with ambient CO₂. While significantly lower catalase and glutathione S-transferase were observed in N. lugens nymphs infested by T. asperellum under elevated CO₂ relative to ambient CO₂. Measuring the antioxidases and detoxification enzymes in N. lugens infected with T. asperellum can partly explain the response of fitness parameters of N. lugens under elevated CO₂.

Keywords:

• elevated CO₂
• Trichoderma asperellum
• Nilaparvata lugens
• growth and development
• enzymes activities

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Marvin Harris from Texas A&M University for revising our manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Major Projects of Cultivated Varieties of Genetically Modified Organism [grant number 2014ZX08012-005] and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of HZAU [grant number 2013PY046].