Leo Africanus As Irishman?

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Notes

 1. Hazelgrove, Spiritualism and British Society, 28–29.

 2. Saddlemyer, Becoming George , 108.

 3. Saddlemyer, Becoming George , 115.

 4. See Hazelgrove, Spiritualism and British Society, 13, 35.

 5. ‘Sitting with Mrs Leonard’, 27 December 1916, MS. 36, 262/17, National Library of Ireland, 15–16.

 6. Yeats, ‘The Ghost of Roger Casement’, in Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats, 583–84.

 7. Yeats, ‘To a Shade’, in Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats, 292–93.

 8. Adams, Frieling and Sprayberry, 25 December 1918, 152, 13 April 1919, 244, and 21 December 1919, 519.Yeats's Vision Papers.

 9. Yeats, ‘Per Amica Silentia Lunae’, in Mythologies, 345.

10. Yeats, ‘Magic’, in Essays and Introductions , 28.

11. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 34.

12. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 12.

13. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 19.

14. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 3.

15. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 3.

16. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 18–19.

17. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 19.

18. Andrea, ‘The Ghost of Leo Africanus’, 195–215.

19. An ‘Untitled Manuscript’ also identifies Leo Africanus with Fez. See Harper and Harper, The Vision Papers Vol. 4 , 122.

20. Andrea, ‘The Ghost of Leo Africanus’, 203.

21. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 21.

22. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 22.

23. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 23.

24. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 23.

25. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 24.

26. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 37.

27. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 38.

28. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 20.

29. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 28–29, 32.

30. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 38.

31. Yeats, Vision Papers Vol. 2 , 276–77. Yeats later concludes (in 1924) that Leo has been operating as the chief Frustrator of the system, and that had rendered it impossible to incorporate Tarot numbers into A Vision.

32. Yeats, A Vision (B) , 12–13.

33. Yeats, A Critical Edition of Yeats's ‘A Vision (A)’ , 287–88.

34. Yeats, ‘The Manuscript of “Leo Africanus”’, 38.

35. Said, Orientalism , 1–2.

36. Said, Orientalism , 3–5.

37. Stoddart, ‘Horror, Circus and Orientalism’, 120. Stoddart also notes that ‘trance-induction’ was often attributed to Eastern European, or Eastern figures.

38. Said, Orientalism, 3.

39. Gordon, Ghostly Matters , 22.

40. Yeats, ‘Per Amica’, in Mythologies , 324.

41. Yeats, ‘Per Amica’, in Mythologies , 334.

42. Yeats, ‘The Poet and the Actress’, printed in full in Clark and Clark, W. B. Yeats and the Theatre of Desolate Reality, 170.

43. Yeats, ‘Per Amica’, in Mythologies, 335.

44. Yeats, A Vision (A), 182.

45. Yeats, A Vision (A), 159.

46. Yeats, ‘Per Amica Silentia Lunae’, in Mythologies, 336, 339.

47. Yeats, ‘Per Amica Silentia Lunae’, in Mythologies, 362.

48. Yeats, A Vision (A), 171. Yeats explains that he chose the word ‘coven’ because he ‘imagines the Nations and Philosophies as having each, as it were, a witches’ cauldron of medicinal or devil's broth in the midst’.

49. Yeats, A Vision (A), 229.

50. Hazelgrove, Spiritualism and British Society , 116.

51. Swedenborg, Heaven and Hell , 346.

52. Curtis, Apes and Angels, xvii.

53. Curtis, Apes and Angels, xix.

54. Curtis, Apes and Angels, xix–xx.

55. Curtis, Apes and Angels, xxii–xxiv

56. Foster, Paddy and Mr Punch, 184.

57. Curtis, Apes and Angels, 1.

58. Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 42.

59. Curtis, Apes and Angels, 20.

60. Gibbons, Gaelic Gothic , 75.