Police officer perceptions towards drug liberalization policies in the context of an overdose crisis in British Columbia, Canada

Abstract

Background

British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an overdose crisis that has pushed drug liberalization policies to the forefront of the response. This study examines police officers’ perceptions of enforcement and drug liberalization policies, including support for decriminalization and regulation or ‘safer supply’, in this context.

Methods

Qualitative interview data were collected in September-November 2020 from active police officers involved in drug law enforcement in British Columbia, prior to decriminalization reforms being introduced in the province. We conducted a thematic analysis of this data with a focus on police officer views towards drug enforcement and drug liberalization policies.

Results

Policing and reforms amid the overdose crisis has shaped officer perceptions and actions towards illegal drugs and drug policies. Although officers saw overdose as a health issue, these views coincided with a strong emphasis on supply-side policing, such as drug trafficking investigations. Policing continues to be entrenched in the overdose crisis, which has impacted the way police officers view drugs and drug use, particularly, their belief that current interventions to disrupt the illegal drug market are not working.

Conclusion

This study advances knowledge on the motivations for promoting drug enforcement, and enacting drug policies, in the context of an overdose crisis.

Keywords:

• Drug law enforcement
• police officers
• police attitudes
• drug liberalization policies
• decriminalization
• overdose crisis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) under Grant #24413; The William and Ada Isabelle Steel Fund under Grant #24836; Michael Smith Health Research BC Scholar Award 2022