Flow resistance in straight gravel bed inbank flow with analytical solution for velocity and boundary shear distribution

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation, the roughness characteristics of the gravel bed is tested and modelled for the no-load condition. A straight trapezoidal channel having gravel bed surface of grain size D₅₀ as 13.5 mm for no-load condition is used to carry out the investigation. Depth averaged velocity (DAV) and boundary shear stress (BSS) have been measured for five different depths. An improved model for prediction of friction factor is derived as the function of corresponding hydraulic radius and average diameter of the gravel. This improved model is validated with the models of past investigators. Furthermore, BSS is then calculated using Shiono and Knight Method (SKM), which is dependent on the following hydraulic parameters, such as friction factor f, coefficient of eddy viscosity λ and secondary flow term Г. Since friction factor is modelled for the given channel, same model is used to calculate the value of f over the bed, which tests the reliability of the model while using numerical method. The lateral distribution of DAV and BSS is shown for five different flow depths, which elaborate the bed friction due to the no-load condition. Finally, friction factor model is corroborated on two reaches of the natural river.

KEYWORDS:

• Darcy–Weisbach friction factor
• boundary shear stress
• Shiono and Knight Method

Acknowledgments

The encouragement and assistance from the Hydraulics laboratory of National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is gratefully acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.