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Abstract
In the world concentrated research efforts have been directed towards the development of pot marigold as a crop for industrial purposes because of essential oil and seed oil. To evaluate the response of pot marigold to water deficit under biological and chemical phosphorus sources, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments were water supply (irrigation after 80, as well-watering and 50, as water deficit, % FC) and six phosphorus sources (chemical P, phosphate solubilizing bacteria-PSB, 3 mycorrhizal fungi species- Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus hoi and control). Results showed the significant effect of bio-fertilizers on the essential oil percentage and yield. Forty components, representing 99.36 % and 96.4 % of the essential oil contents for irrigation at 50 and 80 % FC, were respectively identified. The major components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol, geraniol, α-muurolene, δ-cadinene, α-cadinol and T-muurolene. Twelve fatty acids were recognized in oil content. The palmitic acid (16:0 %), linoleic acid (18:2 %) and calendic acid (18:3 %) were obtained in higher percentages. The calendic acid (more than 45 % of total fatty acids) makes it favorable for industrial use. The maximum yield of essential oil was obtained from AMF- inoculated with G. hoi (70.84 kg/ha) and R. irregularis (69.03 kg/ha) irrigated at 80 % FC. The highest yield of oil (997.75 kg/ha) was obtained from plants treated by chemical phosphorus compared to control plants (597.24 kg/ha) irrigated at 80 % FC.