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ABSTRACT
Numerous studies have found that the performance of manipulating a joystick on input tasks was affected by vehicle motion, and the movement speed of mouse was affected by different movement angles on static environment. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of motion direction of platform and the movement angle of cursor on the performance of using different trackballs. This study investigated the effects of different platform motion directions (static, heave, roll, pitch and random) and cursor movement angles (0°o, 45°o, 90°o, 135°o, 180°o, 225°o, 270°o and 315°o) on manipulating three different kinds of trackballs to conduct the point-and-click task. The results indicated that the input device, motion direction and movement angle have significant effects on movement time, and the interaction of input device* motion direction and motion direction* movement angle were also significant. The effects of input device and motion direction on accuracy were significant. The subjective evaluation also indicated that the motion direction on the difficulty of manipulating trackballs and the effects of trackballs were significant. The objective and subjective evaluations all indicated that manipulating trackballs in random motion was the most difficult, and in roll or pitch motions was also more difficult than that in static or heave. Our findings could help designers develop more efficient and comfortable interfaces, and consoles which are less sensitive to ship motions.