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Original Articles

Comparing Kanban with CONWIP in a make-to-order environment supported by JIT practices

探討及時生產技術施行於接單生產環境中對於看板與 CONWIP 之效能差異

李敬文 樹德科技大學 運籌管理系 82445 高雄縣燕巢鄉橫山路 59 號

Pages 72-88 | Received 15 Sep 2007, Accepted 15 Oct 2010, Published online: 10 Dec 2010
 

Abstract

Adaptation of constant work-in-process (CONWIP) in make-to-order (MTO) environments essentially depends on the support of three key just-in-time (JIT) practices, i.e. unidirectional flow (UF), one-piece flow (OPF), and set-up time reduction (STR) induced by cellular manufacturing. Their impacts on the performance difference between CONWIP and Kanban were investigated by simulation experiments. CONWIP was found to be more adaptable to the dynamic shop environment since it outperforms Kanban regardless of the scenarios of the key JIT practices. The importance of UF in support of CONWIP was highlighted for a smaller STR. While a larger STR extends the effectiveness of UF, the advantage of UF in favor of CONWIP lessens at the same time. To justify the practice of OPF, an 80% or larger STR is required and CONWIP along with UF should be adopted. This study complements the current literature by establishing essential guidelines for coordinating the key JIT practices to enhance the functioning of CONWIP in MTO environments.

為了在接單生產 (make-to-order) 的環境中順利實現固定在製品存量 (constant work-in-process, CONWIP) 的生產管制 , 有必要採行單元製造 (cellular manufacturing) 製程配置 , 以利於施行及時 (Just-in-Time, JIT) 生產的三項關鍵技術 , 包括 : 單向流 (unidirectional flow)、 單件流 (one-piece flow) 及縮短整備時間 , 以強化生產管制效能。 本研究利用模擬實驗 , 觀察 CONWIP 與傳統及時生產的看板系統 (Kanban) 之間的效能差異 , 以提供業者轉換為 CONWIP 生產管制的決策依據。 實驗結果顯示 , 無論是否施行 JIT 關鍵技術 , CONWIP 的效能均優於看板系統 ; 因此 , CONWIP 顯然更適應於接單生產多變的環境。 當縮短整備時間的程度較小時 ,單向流對於提升 CONWIP 的效能益形重要。 另一方面 , 當縮短整備時間的程度大幅增加 , 同時也擴增了單向流的效益 , 而 CONWIP 的效能則較不受單向流的影響。 至於單件流的施行 , 則需要較嚴苛的條件 , 包括縮短整備時間的程度需達到 80%以上 , 且需同時採用 CONWIP 及單向流。 本文所述之研究成果 , 將擴增現有文獻的範疇 , 對於如何協調及時生產的三項關鍵技術 , 以強化 CONWIP 施行於接單生產環境的效益 , 提供重要的指導原則。

(*聯絡人: [email protected])

Acknowledgments

This article resulted from a research project sponsored by the National Science Council, Republic of China (Project no. NSC 95-2416-H-366-005). Thanks are rendered to the anonymous referees whose comments have led to important improvements of this article.

Notes

(*聯絡人: [email protected])

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