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Original Articles

The evolution of EU–South Africa relations: What influence on Africa?

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Pages 463-478 | Published online: 11 Dec 2015
 

Abstract

South Africa and the European Union (EU) have a longstanding relationship. Their interaction has evolved through various phases, characterised simultaneously by ambitious partnerships coupled with a degree of wariness. As international dynamics change and Africa becomes an increasingly crucial player in global politics, the relationship between the EU and South Africa exerts a host of influences on how Africa and Europe relate to each other. This article discusses the evolution of EU–South Africa relations and highlights direct and indirect influences that this relationship has on the inter-regional partnership between Africa and Europe.

Notes on contributors

Lorenzo Fioramonti is Professor of Political Economy at the University of Pretoria (South Africa), where he directs the Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation. He is also Senior Fellow at the Centre for Social Investment of the University of Heidelberg and at the Hertie School of Governance (Germany) and Associate Fellow at the United Nations University. Fioramonti is also the first and only Jean Monnet Chair in Africa and also holds the UNESCO-UNU Chair in Regional Integration, Migration and Free Movement of People. His most recent books are How Numbers Rule the World: The Use and Abuse of Statistics in Global Politics (Zed Books 2014) and Gross Domestic Problem: The Politics Behind the World's Most Powerful Number (Zed Books 2013).

John Kotsopoulos is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria. He holds a PhD in International Relations (University of Kent, UK) with a focus on asymmetrical negotiations between the European Union and Africa. He was formerly a policy analyst with the European Policy Centre in Brussels and earlier served as a political desk officer at the Department of Foreign Affairs in Ottawa, Canada.

Notes

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21. Ibid.

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23. Ibid.

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25. Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Building a Better World: The Diplomacy of Ubuntu. White Paper of South Africa's Foreign Policy. Pretoria: DIRCO, 2011, p. 31.

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35. Alden C & G Le Pere, ‘South Africa in Africa: Bound to lead?’, Politikon, 36.1, 2009, p. 145.

36. Barber J, ‘The new South Africa's foreign policy: Principles and practice’, International Affairs, 81.5, 2005, p. 1083.

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40. Kagwanja P, ‘Power and peace: South Africa and the refurbishing of Africa's multilateral capacity for peacemaking’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 24.2, 2006, p. 168.

41. Ibid.

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43. Nathan L, ‘Consistency and inconsistencies in South Africa foreign policy’, International Affairs, 81.2, 2005, p. 366.

44. Ibid., 367.

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55. Building a Better World: The Diplomacy of Ubuntu. White Paper of South Africa's Foreign Policy, 31.

56. Council of the European Union, Fifth European Union–South Africa Summit – Joint Communiqué, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-12-384_en.htm (accessed 15 February 2015).

57. The 2014–2016 Action Programme for the African Peace Facility assigned EUR750 million for ‘Africa-led' peace and security initiatives, including APSA, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/regions/africa/continental-cooperation/african-peace-facility_en

58. Fioramonti L, ‘The European Union promoting development in Africa: The economic partnership agreements as a case of aggressive multilateralism’, in Bouchard C, J Peterson & N Tocci (eds) Multilateralism in the 21st century: Europe's quest for effectiveness. London: Routledge, 2013.

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61. Ibid.

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64. African Union, Short Background Brief on Economic Partnership Agreements, AU Conference of Ministers of Trade, 15–16 January, 2007, hubrural.org/IMG/pdf/au_trade_min_backgrd_0107.pdf (accessed 15 February 2015).

65. Van der Merwe C, ‘ Zuma urges SACU to tackle EPA negotiations as a united front,’ Engineering News South Africa, 23 April 2010, http://www.bilaterals.org/spip.php?article17195andlang=en (accessed 15 February 2015).

66. European Parliament, Written Declaration on Science Capacity Building in Africa: Promoting European–African Radio Astronomy Partnerships (0045/2011), Brussels, 2011.

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68. Vidal J & F Harvey, ‘India dampens Europe's hopes of a new climate change agreement’, The Guardian, 6 December 2011; Qi, Xinran, ‘The rise of BASIC in UN climate change negotiations’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 18.3, December 2011, pp. 295–318.

69. Focus group discussion with EU senior officials held in Pretoria at the EU Delegation to South Africa on 25 August 2014.

70. Interview. EU Official, Delegation of the EU, Pretoria, South Africa, 6 May 2015.

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72. Interview, EU Official, Delegation of the EU, Pretoria, South Africa, 6 May 2015.

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81. Habib A, ‘South Africa's foreign policy: Hegemonic aspirations, neoliberal orientations and global transformation’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 16.2, 2009, p. 151.

82. Barber J, ‘The New South Africa's foreign policy: Principles and practice’, International Affairs, 81.5, 2005, p. 1083.

83. Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Building a Better World: The Diplomacy of Ubuntu. White Paper of South Africa's Foreign Policy. Pretoria: DIRCO, 2011, p. 32.

84. Kotsopoulos J & L Fioramonti, ‘South Africa's inconsistent role in bolstering EU–Africa Relations', EUSA Review, Fall 2014, p. 11.

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