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Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Volume 16, 2013 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

The influence of muscles activation on the dynamical behaviour of the tympano-ossicular system of the middle ear

Fernanda Gentil IDMEC – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL – Dr Eurico Almeida, ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
,
Marco Parente IDMEC – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL – Dr Eurico Almeida, ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
,
Pedro Martins IDMEC – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL – Dr Eurico Almeida, ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
,
Carolina Garbe IDMEC – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL – Dr Eurico Almeida, ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
,
João Paço Hospital CUF – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz – Cidade Universitária, 1649-028, Lisboa, PortugalView further author information
,
António J.M. Ferreira INEGI – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
,
João Manuel R.S. Tavares INEGI – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalView further author information
&
Renato Natal Jorge IDMEC – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Clínica ORL – Dr Eurico Almeida, ESTSP, WIDEX, Lda, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, PortugalCorrespondence[email protected]
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Pages 392-402 | Received 09 Mar 2011, Accepted 12 Sep 2011, Published online: 19 Jan 2012
 
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Abstract

The human ear is a complex biomechanical system and is divided into three parts: outer, middle and inner ear. The middle ear is formed by ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes), ligaments, muscles and tendons, which transfers sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, linking with mastoid and Eustachian tube. In this work, a finite element modelling of the tympano-ossicular system of the middle ear was developed. A dynamic study based on a structural response to harmonic vibrations, for a sound pressure level (SPL) of 110, 120 and 130 dB SPL applied in the eardrum, is presented. The connection between the ossicles is made using a contact formulation. The model includes the different ligaments considering its hyperelastic behaviour. The activation of the muscles is based on the constitutive model proposed by previous work. The harmonic responses of displacement and pressure obtained on the stapes footplate, for a frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, are obtained simulating the muscle activation. The results are compared considering the passive and active states. The results are discussed and they are in accordance with audiological data published with reference to the effects of the middle ear muscles contraction.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in Portugal and FEDER for the funding provided under the research projects with the references PTDC/SAU-BEB/104992/2008, PTDC/EEA-CRO/103320/2008, UTAustin/CA/0047/2008 and UTAustin/MAT/0009/2008. The authors would also like to thank Belinha for the collaboration provided in the figures drawn.

Notes

1. Email: [email protected]

2. Email: [email protected]

3. Email: [email protected]

4. Email: [email protected]

5. Email: [email protected]

6. Email: [email protected]

7. Email: [email protected]

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Fernanda Gentil

1

Marco Parente

2

Pedro Martins

3

Carolina Garbe

4

João Paço

5

António J.M. Ferreira

6

João Manuel R.S. Tavares

7

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