A novel temporal-frequency combination pattern optimization approach based on information fusion for motor imagery BCIs

Abstract

Motor imagery (MI) stands as a powerful paradigm within Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research due to its ability to induce changes in brain rhythms detectable through common spatial patterns (CSP). However, the raw feature sets captured often contain redundant and invalid information, potentially hindering CSP performance. Methodology-wise, we propose the Information Fusion for Optimizing Temporal-Frequency Combination Pattern (IFTFCP) algorithm to enhance raw feature optimization. Initially, preprocessed data undergoes simultaneous processing in both time and frequency domains via sliding overlapping time windows and filter banks. Subsequently, we introduce the Pearson-Fisher combinational method along with Discriminant Correlation Analysis (DCA) for joint feature selection and fusion. These steps aim to refine raw electroencephalogram (EEG) features. For precise classification of binary MI problems, an Radial Basis Function (RBF)-kernel Support Vector Machine classifier is trained. To validate the efficacy of IFTFCP and evaluate it against other techniques, we conducted experimental investigations using two EEG datasets. Results indicate a notably superior classification performance, boasting an average accuracy of 78.14% and 85.98% on dataset 1 and dataset 2, which is better than other methods outlined in this article. The study’s findings suggest potential benefits for the advancement of MI-based BCI strategies, particularly in the domain of feature fusion.

Keywords:

• Brain-computer-interface (BCI)
• motor imagery (MI)
• common spatial pattern (CSP)
• information fusion
• discriminant correlation analysis (DCA)

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the research described in this article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021ZD0113204), National science Foundation Program of china (Nos.62371178, 62301197), and Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2024C03041).