Enhanced induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in human U87 malignant glioma cells by aloe emodin

Abstract

Aloe emodin, one of the active compounds found in Aloe vera leaves, plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and death. It has been reported to promote the anti-cancer effects in various cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. However, the mechanism of inducing apoptosis by this agent is poorly understood in glioma cells. This research is to investigate the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest inducing by aloe emodin on U87 human malignant glioma cells. Aloe emodin showed a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of U87 cells proliferation and decreased the percentage of viable U87 cells via the induction of apoptosis. Characteristic morphological changes, such as the formation of apoptotic bodies, were observed with confocal microscope by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, supporting our viability study and flow cytometry analysis results. Our data also demonstrated that aloe emodin arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in U87 cells that indicated the early event of the mitochondria-induced apoptotic pathway.

Keywords::

• aloe emodin
• apoptosis
• mitochondrial membrane potential
• U87 glioma cells

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Mr Jamaruddin Mat Asan from Department of Immunology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for his advice and help regarding flow cytometry. This study was financially supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (203/PPSP/6171125) from the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia.

Notes

^1. These authors contributed equally to this work.