Impact of radish seeds (Semen Raphani) on the absorption and transportation of ginsenosides in the Caco-2 cell model: a UPLC-ESI-MS analysis

Abstract

This study examined the impact of Semen raphani on the absorption of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (ginseng) using a Caco-2 cell model and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Six primary ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd) were quantified. Results showed that Semen Raphani increased the efflux rate of ginsenosides, particularly at higher concentrations, suggesting it inhibits their absorption. The research elucidates the intestinal absorption process of ginsenosides and the antagonistic mechanism of Semen Raphani against ginseng.

Keywords:

• Ginseng
• Semen Raphani
• Caco-2
• absorption transport
• HPLC-ESI-MS

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003969); National College Students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program (S202210199052, 202310199025); The projects Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province (YDZJ202201ZYTS162).