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The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand
Volume 24, 2014 - Issue 1
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Articles

“You Never Appreciate What You Have Until There is a Chance You May Lose It”

Community Activism and the Conservation of Public Swimming Pools

Pages 114-133 | Published online: 25 Jun 2014
 

Abstract

Public swimming pools in Australia have played a formative part in the making of Australian identity: as a stage for iconic images of sport and leisure; as a place for the display of the body; and as a fondly regarded setting for everyday community and family life. Since the 1950s, hundreds of public pools have been constructed – through hard-fought community activism and assistance – across country towns and suburbs. However, by the 1970s, a slow decline in public pool use began to have an impact, because of the rise of indoor and mixed-use leisure complexes, the increasing pressures of privatisation and the growth of private pool ownership. Combined with a general lack of ongoing government funding for the upkeep and renovation of now ageing structures, and with added recent pressures over water sustainability, a great number of these original pools have been demolished, severely altered or closed.

This paper examines the public pool as a potent place of community action and conservation pressures. Four cases of successful and failed campaigns for pools to remain open in suburban Melbourne are described. These campaigns have brought together local residents, architects and conservationists and have highlighted the growing disquiet over the loss of public amenities. In conclusion, we consider how new modes of online and participatory media are reshaping community activism for the twenty-first century.

Notes

 1. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010, accessed January 17, 2014, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/mf/4102.0.

 2. Brendan Gleeson, Australia’s Heartlands: Making Space for Hope in the Suburbs (Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, 2006), 13; see also the Australian Government’s appraisal, “People, Culture and Lifestyle,” accessed January 17, 2014, https://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/people_culture.html.

 3. See Kate Darian-Smith, David Nichols and Julie Willis, “The Community Can Do It! Planning for the New Civic Centre,” in Community: Building Modern Australia, eds. Hannah Lewi and David Nichols (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2011), 179–80.

 4. Patrick Mullins, “Progress Associations and Urban Development: The Gold Coast, 1945–79,” Urban Policy and Research 14, no. 2 (1995): 67–80.

 5. Mullins, “Progress Associations and Urban Development,” 78.

 6. Manuel Castells, The City and the Grass Roots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements (London: Edward Arnold, 1983), 305.

 7. Saul Alinsky, Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals (New York: Random House, 1971), 120.

 8. Ruth Fincher and Kurt Iveson, “Justice and Injustice in the City,” Geographical Research 50, no. 2 (2012): 231–41.

 9. Hannah Lewi, “Making Spaces for Recreation,” in Community, eds. Lewi and Nichols, 112–39.

10. Nicholas Brown, Governing Prosperity: Social Change and Social Analysis in Australia in the 1950s (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 129.

11. “Public Should Appreciate Kew Council’s Reserve Policy,” Kew Advertiser, January 30, 1930, 2.

12. “Swim Club is After Clubrooms,” Broadmeadows and Keilor Observer, January 22, 1964, 8; Jim Earle interviewed by Philip Goad, May 31, 2007.

13. Robert Southby, undated form letter accompanying questionnaire, included in North Melbourne – Hotham Gardens Project 1965–66 envelope, Richmond Association papers PA 99/25 Box 3, State Library of Victoria.

14. Lorna Hannan interviewed by Jane Yule, November 21, 2003.

15. Sally Methven, “Recreation Planning and the Provision of Swimming Pools,” PhD thesis, Department of Geography, University of Adelaide, 1989, 305.

16. Philip Perkins, Swimming Pools: A Treatise on the Planning, Layout, Design and Construction, Water Treatment and Other Services, Maintenance and Repairs (London: Applied Science Publishers, 1971).

17. “Pools in Peril: Shallow Excuses Aren’t Enough to Save Them,” The Age, January 10, 2007, 12.

18. Peter Munro, “Immersion Therapy,” The Sunday Age, December 27, 2009, 8.

19. Ian McShane, Bringing in the Public – Arguments and Strategies for Renewing Community Infrastructure (Parkville: Australia Centre/University of Melbourne, 2007).

20. Alan Attwood, “Doing the Backstroke Down Fitzroy Pool’s Memory Lane,” The Age, October 14, 1994, 13.

21. Janet McCalman, “Fitzroy 1989,” in Fitzroy: Melbourne’s First Suburb, ed. Cutten History Committee (Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1991), 316–19.

22. Stuart Harrison, “Some Post-War Sports Buildings,” Architect Victoria, Summer 2003, 14.

23. Catherine Deveny, “Foreword,” in Stamping Ground: Stories of the Northern Suburbs of Melbourne, ed. Gordon Thompson (Melbourne: Clouds of Magellan, 2009), iii.

24. Attwood, “Doing the Backstroke.”

25. Attwood, “Doing the Backstroke.”

26. Alan Attwood, “People Power,” The Age, December 3, 1994, 5.

27. Jesse Hogan, “Still Buoyant About the Pool,” The Age, December 13, 2004, 4.

28. “Footscray War Memorial Heated Swimming Pool,” September 12, 1969, in Public Records Office Victoria file VPRS8291/P0001/348.

29. Jewel Topsfield, “Footscray Pool Sent to Waterless Grave,” The Age, March 16, 2005, 7.

30. Jane Metlikovec, Melbourne Herald Sun, June 12, 2006, 15.

31. ‘Baths’, Architecture in Australia (October 1969): 813–17.

32. Conrad Hamann, “Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Centre,” in Kevin Borland:Architecture from the Heart, ed. Doug Evans (Melbourne: RMIT Publishing, 2006), 167.

33. Peter Raisbeck and Anna Ely, “Drowning by Numbers,” paper presented at the Un-Loved Modern ICOMOS Conference, accessed February 18, 2014, http://www.aicomos.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009_UnlovedModern_Raisbeck_Peter_Ely_Anna_Drowing-in-Numbers_Paper.pdf.

34. Jacqueline Freegard, “Brute Force Saves Harold Holt Pool,” The Age, July 17, 2006, 15.

35. Marika Dobbin, “Harold Holt Pool Renovation to Go Ahead,” The Age, June 23, 2009, 4.

36. Richard Broome, Between Two Creeks (Melbourne: Lothian Publishing Company, 1987), 38.

37. “Coburg Lake Scheme,” The Argus, April 11, 1912, 8.

38. “Coburg Swimming Club,” The Argus, November 15, 1918, 4.

39. “A Youth Drowned,” The Argus, January 2, 1919, 7.

40. “Suburban Activities,” The Argus, January 28, 1927, 8.

41. “Swimming in Lake at Coburg: Club to Patrol,” The Argus, December 15, 1937, 24.

42. Broome, Between Two Creeks, 325.

43. “Coburg Could Have New Swim Pool in Two Years,” Coburg Courier, November 11, 1961, 1.

44. “Pools in Peril: Shallow Excuses Aren’t Enough to Save Them,” The Age, January 10, 2007, 12.

45. Broome, Between Two Creeks, 38.

46. Context Consultants, Moreland North of Bell Street Heritage Study, Volume 1 – Key Findings and Recommendations, accessed August 28, 2011, http://www.moreland.vic.gov.au.

47. Attwood, “Doing the Backstroke.”

48. David Nichols, ““Activist” Local Newspapers and their Role in Protest Movements,” History Australia 4 (2005): 41–1 – 41–16.

49. Brian Wilson, “Digital Activism: Neoliberalism, the Internet, and Sport for Youth Development,” Sociology of Sport Journal 26 (2009): 155–81.

50. Wilson, “Digital Activism,” 157.

51. John Postill, “Localizing the Internet Beyond Communities and Networks,” New Media Society 10 (2008): 419–21; Manuel Castells, The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011); and Marc Eaton, “Manufacturing Community in an Online Activist Organization: The Rhetoric of MoveOn.org’s Emails,” Information, Communication & Society 13, no. 2 (2010): 174–92.

52. See https://www.facebook.com/SaveTheOlindaPool, accessed January 27, 2014. The Olinda announcement then linked to the Friends of Coburg Olympic Pool Facebook page.

53. Postill, “Localizing the Internet,” 419.

54. Postill, “Localizing the Internet,” 416.

55. Postill, “Localizing the Internet,” 186.

56. Attwood, “Doing the Backstroke.”

57. “You never appreciate what you have until there is the chance you may lose it.” Neil Keane and Clementine Cuneo, “The People’s Pool – Closure Defeated,” Sydney Daily Telegraph, January 8, 2008, 11.

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