Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the feedback received from the anonymous reviewers of this article.
Notes
1 deCosta and Douglas (2015a).
2 Note that there is currently significant law reform being debated in Australia including a Greens Party campaign led by Maureen Faruqi MP to legalise abortion in NSW: Mehreen Faruqi (The Greens), ‘NSW Greens MP Welcomes Safe Access Zones for Abortion Clinics in Victoria, Calls on Baird Government and the Opposition to Support Change in NSW’ http://www.mehreenfaruqi.org.au/tag/abortion/ 27 November 2015. In Queensland a private members Bill was introduced into parliament in May 2016 and is currently being considered: Abortion Law Reform (Woman’s Right to Choose) Amendment Bill 2016.
3 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (Citation2015); World Health Organisation (2009) and (2012); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1981).
7 de Costa et al (2015b).
10 de Costa et al (2015b).
11 See especially Criminal Code Act 1899 (Qld) ss 224-226 and Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) ss 82-84.
12 See Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Vic); Medical Practitioners (Maternal Health) Amendment Act 2002 (ACT); Criminal Code Act Compilation Act, section 199 (WA) and Health Act 1911 (WA), sections 334-5; Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas).
17 Topics also include wrongful life and surrogacy.
20 Although, as a result of continuing reform in Australia some of the commentary on current law around abortion in Australia is already out of date. For example, it is no longer a criminal offence to provide an abortion in Tasmania before 20 weeks gestation. See Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas).
21 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (2015).
30 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1981).
32 Sifris (Citation2014), p 71; World Health Organisation (WHO) (2009), p 51.
48 Roe v Wade 410 US 113 (1973).
53 Constitutional Court Slovak December 4 2007, PL. US 12/01, Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic, No. 14/2008 vol 8 (Slovaki) in Lamačková (Citation2014), p 56; Portuguese Constitutional Court Acórdão No. 75/2010, note 12, cfr. §46
in Rubio-Marin (2014), p 47.
65 For example, policies on comprehensive sexual education, widespread and affordable access to stigma free contraception; and laws to minimise the negative effects of forced pregnancy on women including recognition of the impact of State laws that compel the protection of the fetus at the expense of the woman (compensation, protection of employment and educational opportunities or providing appropriate childcare): Sifris (Citation2014), p 124.
67 See generally O’Rourke et al. (2012).
72 P and S v Poland, Application No. 57375/08, Eur Ct HR (2012).
76 World Health Organisation (2012).
89 Abortion Law Reform Act 2008 (Vic) s 8.
92 See also Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas) s 7.
93 O’Rourke (Citation2012), p119. Note that Ronli Sifris comes to a similar conclusion in her analysis of the Tasmanian objection: Sifris (2015b), p 914.
96 R v Knight [2002] VSC 498.
97 See Darby (Citation2015); Levy v Victoria (1997) 189 CLR 579 at 619.
99 Ronli Sifris, ‘State by State, “Safe Access Zones” Around Clinics are Shielding Women from Abortion Protesters’, The Conversation, 30 November 2015 http://theconversation.com/state-by-state-safe-access-zones-around-clinics-are-shielding-women-from-abortion-protesters-51407.
101 Fertility Control Clinic v Melbourne City Council (2015) VSC 424.
102 Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas) s 9.
103 Health (Patient Privacy) Amendment Act 2015 (ACT).
105 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (adopted 10 December 1984, entered into force 26 June 1987) 1465 UNTS 85 (‘CAT’).
Elizabeth Raymond and David Grimes (2012) ‘The Comparative Safety of Legal Induced Abortion and Childbirth in the United States’ 119(2) Obstetrics and Gynecology 215–219. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31823fe923 Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Katha Pollitt (2014) Pro: Reclaiming Abortion Rights, Picador. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Erin L Nelson (2013) Law, Policy and Reproductive Autonomy, Hart Publishing. Ruth Rubio-Martin (2014) ‘Abortion in Portugal: New Trends in European Constitutionalism’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Joanna Erdman (2014) ‘The Procedural Turn: Abortion at the European Court of Human Rights’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Erin L Nelson (2013) Law, Policy and Reproductive Autonomy, Hart Publishing. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Charles Ngwena (2014) ‘Reforming African Abortion Laws and Practice: The Place of Transparency’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Paola Bergallo (2014) ‘The Struggle Against Informal Rules on Abortion in Argentina’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Charles Ngwena (2014) ‘Reforming African Abortion Laws and Practice: The Place of Transparency’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Charles Ngwena (2014) ‘Reforming African Abortion Laws and Practice: The Place of Transparency’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Rachel Rebouche (2014) ‘A Functionalist Approach to Comparative Abortion Law’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Bernard Dickens (2014) ‘The Right to Conscience’ in RJ Cook et al (eds) Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies, University of Pennsylvania Press. Erin L Nelson (2013) Law, Policy and Reproductive Autonomy, Hart Publishing. Anne O’Rourke et al (2012) ‘Abortion and Conscientious Objection: The New Battleground’ 38 Monash University Law Review 87. Anne O’Rourke et al (2012) ‘Abortion and Conscientious Objection: The New Battleground’ 38 Monash University Law Review 87. Rebecca Dean and Susie Allanson (2004) ‘Abortion in Australia: Access Versus Protest’ 11 Journal of Law and Medicine 510. Paige Darby (2015) ‘Research Note on Exclusion Zones in Australia’, Victorian Parliamentary Library Service. Erin L Nelson (2013) Law, Policy and Reproductive Autonomy, Hart Publishing. Victorian Law Reform Commission (2008) Law of Abortion: Final Report, Victorian law Reform Commission. Erin L Nelson (2013) Law, Policy and Reproductive Autonomy, Hart Publishing. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Deidre Wulf and Patricia Donovan (2002) Women and Societies Benefit when Childbearing is Planned, Issues in Brief No 3, Alan Guttmacher Institute. Henry P David (2006) ‘Born Unwanted, 35 Years Later: The Prague Study’ 14(27) Reproductive Health Matters 18. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(06)27219-7 Taskforce on Women and the Criminal Code (2000) Report of the Taskforce on Women and the Criminal Code, Parliament of Queensland. Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Jennifer Barber et al (1999) ‘Unwanted Childbearing and Mother-Child Relationships’ 40(3) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 231. doi: 10.2307/2676350 Ronli Sifris (2014) Reproductive Freedom, Torture and International Human Rights: Challenging the Masculinisation of Torture, Routledge. Additional information
Funding
This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (Heather Douglas) [grant number FT140100796].
![Sample our Law journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5942/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Law.jpg"})
