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Abstract
This article presents the results of the 50-year follow-up of the longitudinal study E. Paul Torrance initiated 5 decades ago. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was administered in the late 1950s and personal and public achievement data were obtained 50 years later and used as criteria in analyses reported here. These showed that TTCT scores were moderately correlated with personal, but not with public, achievement. However, an interaction of intelligence and creativity was significantly related to public achievement but not to personal achievement. When a composite was formed from the 4 TTCT indexes (fluency, originality, flexibility, and elaboration), a significant quadratic trend was found with the personal achievement criterion. Three of the indicators (“Love of work,” Tolerance of mistakes, and Minority of one) from the Beyonder instrument developed by Torrance (Citation2003) were related to public achievement. Only one other indicator from the Beyonder measure (“Well-roundedness”) was associated with personal achievement. Men were significantly higher in public achievement than women, but there was no significant gender difference in personal achievement.
Sandra Russ was the Action Editor for this article.
Notes
*p < .05 (1-tailed). **p < .01 (1-tailed).
Note. Groups refer to those who possess or do not possess (presence vs. absence) the skill referred by the specific Beyonder scale. For example, those who were rated “1” versus those with a rating of “0” in the “Minority of One” scale is compared for personal and public achievement. The same for all other beyonder scales.