The Effect of a Liner on the Dispersion of Sacral Interface Pressures During Spinal Immobilization

Abstract

Sacral pressure ulcers are a significant problem following spinal cord injury and are felt to be in part due to the high interface-pressures generated while strapped to the spine board. The objective of this study was to determine sacral interface-pressure and sensing area in healthy volunteers on a spine board and the effects of a gel pressure dispersion liner. Thirty-seven volunteers were placed on a pressure-sensing mat between the subject and the spine board. Measurements were carried out with and without a gel liner. Pressures and sensing area were recorded every minute for 40 minutes. The highest pressure was generated at the sacral prominence of each subject. Mean interface-pressures were higher on the spine board alone than with the gel liner (p < .0001). Overall, mean sensing area was lower on the spine board than with the gel liner (p < .0001). Standard spinal immobilization causes high sacral interface-pressures. The addition of a gel liner on the spine board decreased overall mean sacral pressures and increased mean sensing area. Generation of sacral pressure ulcers may be related to the initial interface-pressures generated while the patient is strapped to the spine board. The addition of a gel liner may reduce the incidence of sacral pressure ulcers.

Keywords:

• spinal cord injury
• backboard
• gel liner
• pressure
• time
• pressure ulcer