Enhancing Weak Defect Features Using Undecimated and Adaptive Wavelet Transform for Estimation of Roller Defect Size in a Bearing

ABSTRACT

Defects in bearings affect the vibration level, resulting in and increase in temperature and decomposition of lubricant. Estimation of roller defect size is a complex task because it revolves as well as rotates during the motion. Signals from a defective roller of a bearing are superimposed by the signal from races, cage, and background noise. In this communication, a signal processing scheme is proposed that makes the signal suitable for estimating the size of the defect in the rolling element of a tapered roller bearing. To achieve this, in the first stage of processing, shift-invariant soft thresholding is applied to denoise the signal. It suppresses the noise without affecting defect-related features. Further, in the second stage of processing, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) using adaptive wavelet is applied. The adaptive wavelet is designed from the impulse extracted from the signal using the least squares fitting method. It results in higher coefficients in the region of impulse produced due to the defect. Finally, time marginal integration (TMI) of CWT coefficients is carried out for estimation of defect width. A study was performed for six different cases in which the size of the defect and orientation varies. Results of measurements of roller defect widths estimated using the proposed scheme were compared with defect widths calculated using image examination. For the nonoverlapping signature of defects (such as defects at 0° and 90° orientations), the maximum deviation in the width measurement using the proposed scheme is 6.52%. The error may increase when signature of two defects are overlapped.

KEYWORDS:

• Continuous wavelet transform
• time marginal integration
• adaptive wavelet
• bearing
• roller defect
• vibration
• fault diagnosis

Acknowledgement

The valuable suggestions of expert reviewers in improving the article are gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

The first author thanks Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Government of India, for providing a fellowship for this research work.

ORCID

Anil Kumar http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-1657

Rajesh Kumar http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-8282