Ultrasonic Assisted Preparation of Pyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole Derivatives Using ZnO-NiO-Fe₃O₄ Nano-Composite System

Abstract

An efficient, ZnO-NiO-Fe₃O₄ nano-composite catalyzed method has been developed for the ultrasonic irradiation synthesis of some 6-amino-3-methyl-4-aryl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile heterocycles in good to excellent yields. ZnO-NiO-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and DLS techniques. According to the XRD analysis, the sample consisted of three different phases: ZnO (hexagonal), NiO (cubic), and Fe₃O₄ (cubic). The average particle size of the sample is 68 nm.

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Keywords:

• Fe₃O₄
• NiO
• pyran-annulated heterocycles
• pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole
• ZnO
• ZnO-NiO-Fe₃O₄ nano-composite

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Council of the Velayat University.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to be reported.

Additional information

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Council of the Velayat University.