Graphene Oxide as Metal-Free Catalyst in the Two-Component Reaction to Generate Some Novel Perimidines and Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract

An eco-friendly, sustainable, simple, and facile protocol has been demonstrated for the synthesis of some novel perimidine derivatives using readily available 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and substituted aldehydes in the presence of green carbocatalyst, graphene oxide (GO). The designed protocol was efficiently carried out under metal-free conditions at room temperature through simple shaking and the desired products were obtained in high to excellent yields in short reaction time (50 sec-2 min) using low catalyst loading (0.005 g). A library of derivatives was synthesized that accomplished high functional group tolerance of the designed protocol. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds was performed against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853), Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus ATCC 25923 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633) and fungus (A. niger ATCC 16404) using broth micro dilution method. The present methodology displays many advantages such as high product yields, very less reaction time, wide substrate scope, and simple work-up procedure.

Keywords:

• Perimidines
• graphene oxide
• green synthesis
• eco-benign conditions
• antimicrobial activity

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Department of Chemistry, M.L.S.U. Udaipur (Raj.), India, for providing necessary laboratory and library facilities and Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF), Chandigarh for spectral analysis. A. Sethiya is thankful to UGC-MANF and N. Sahiba is thankful to CSIR-India for providing SRF.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

The copies of ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra of the synthesized compounds associated with this article have been provided in supporting information.

Additional information

Funding

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India and University Grants Commission, India.