Lignosulfonate, A Promising Biomass-Based Building Block in the Preparation of Recyclable Nanocomposite and Its Application in Condensation Reactions

Abstract

Lignosulfonate is an efficient biomass-based building block, formed an efficient Fe₃O₄@LS nanocomposite with enormous applications. Concerning environmental and economic aspects, our research focused on the application of Fe₃O₄@LS nanocomposite as the metal-free catalyst in the synthesis of 4H-pyrans and 4-phenyl-pyridines. The structure and morphology of Fe₃O₄@LS nanocomposite were completely characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibration-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and back titration method. Also, the structure of synthesized 4H-pyrans and 4-phenyl-pyridines were characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and their melting points. This procedure has significant advantages included into high yields, short reaction time and easy operation.

Keywords:

• Biopolymer
• catalyst
• heterogeneous
• lignosulfonate

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Research Council of the Iran University of Science and Technology.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.