Access to a Library of 3-(9-Methyl-9H-Carbazol-3-yl)-2-Arylthiazolidin-4-One Derivatives Using NiFe₂O₄@SiO₂ Grafted Alkyl Sulfonic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst

Abstract

The preparation, characterization, and catalytic investigation of NiFe₂O₄@SiO₂ grafted 3-(propyl azanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(hydrogen sulfate) nanoparticles (A) is described. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and DLS techniques. The main particle size by the DLS technique was determined as 52 nm. The catalyst was found to be efficient for the condensation of 9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine, thioglycolic acid, and aldehydes lead to the formation of 3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-2-arylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives (1d-11d) under reflux in DMF DMF (Time: 1–2 h; Yields: 76–98%) and ultrasonic irradiation in DMF (Time: 0.8–1 h; Yields: 85–97%). The effect of solvent, temperature, and catalyst dosage on the reaction was studied. The catalyst can be recovered and reused 11 times.

Keywords:

• Thioglycolic acid
• thiazolidin-4-one
• carbazol
• NiFe₂O₄@SiO₂
• NiFe₂O₄
• magnetic catalyst

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University research council for partial support of this research