The Preparation of a Library of Fused Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds Catalyzed by Zn₂SnO₄ Nanoparticles

Abstract

A green and facile precipitation method was developed for the preparation of Zn₂SnO₄ nano-particles in an orange peel (from north Iran) waste extract medium. The as-prepared and calcined samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis, photoluminescence (PL) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The catalytic potential of the fresh sample of Zn₂SnO₄ nano-particles was examined on the four-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, 2-aminoaniline, 2-aminopyridine/pyrazin-2-amine, and N-methyl-4-piperidone/aromatic aldehydes under ultrasonic irradiation (US) condition leads to the preparation of some phenazine derivatives.

Keywords:

• Zn₂SnO₄ nano-particles
• green chemistry
• orange peel
• 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione
• ultrasonic irradiation (US)
• phenazine

Acknowledgments

The laboratory support by Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra Branch is highly acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no interest to influence the work reported in this paper.

Data availability statement

The spectral data which could be supported our findings are available as supplementary material attached to this article.