The Paal–Knorr Pyrroles Synthesis: A Green Perspective

Abstract

It is still believed that the progress of Green Chemistry necessities to upsurge at a higher pace, if ‘molecular science’ is to meet the encounters of sustainability. And it is also aforesaid that the revolution of a particular day becomes the new-fangled belief of the next. Therefore, keeping the importance of sustainability as well as green chemistry in mind, herein we report a green perspective of a very well-known named reaction, dubbed as Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis. In this document, we have tried to cover some interesting synthetic green approaches belonging to this particular class. We hope that this review article will be very useful to the researchers working in organic chemistry in general and heterocyclic chemistry in particular.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Pyrrole
• heterocycles
• 25-Hexandione
• Paal–Knorr reaction
• green methods
• green chemistry

Acknowledgements

We are highly grateful to DST-SERB New Delhi (India) for financial support (Project File no. ECR/2017/000821). S.A. thanks UGC for providing the SRF fellowship. A. H. thanks UGC New Delhi, India for providing a Non-NET fellowship. We also thanks Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi for providing the necessary research facilities.

Ethical approval

The authors declare no human and/or animal studies and we have followed ethical guidelines.

Authors contributions

For this manuscript all the authors contributed as per their authorship order mentioned above.

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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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Not applicable.

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Funding

DST-SERB New Delhi (India), SRF fellowship, and Non-NET fellowship by UGC.