![Sample our Engineering & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5933/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Engineering-Tech.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
A highly accurate noninvasive means of determining body core temperature is proposed and characterized by synergistic use of numerical and experimental simulations. It was demonstrated that the new surface probe yields skin surface temperature measurements that are within a few tenths of a degree of the body core temperature. Advanced simulation techniques such as the Monte Carlo method for the determination of radiant heat losses were used to ensure high accuracy. Convective heat losses were also accounted. Full account was taken of the multilayer nature of the tissue bed beneath the skin surface, each layer with its specific thermophysical properties, blood perfusion, and metabolic heating. For the validation of the numerical simulation model, an experimental apparatus was fabricated and operated. The experimental data supported the numerical predictions. The capability of the probe to accurately follow thermal transients was the focus of a redesign, yielding small-fraction-of-a-minute following capability.
Nomenclature
| c | = | specific heat |
| Gr | = | Grashof number |
| = | heat transfer coefficient | |
| k | = | thermal conductivity |
| £ | = | characteristic dimension |
| = | average Nusselt number | |
| Pr | = | Prandtl number |
| Qm | = | rate of metabolic heat generation |
| r | = | coordinate direction |
| T | = | temperature |
| t | = | material thickness |
| x | = | coordinate direction |
| ρ | = | density |
| ω | = | blood perfusion rate |
| Subscripts | = | |
| b | = | blood |
| f | = | foam |
| i | = | material layer index |
| s | = | surface |
| ∞ | = | ambient |
Nomenclature
| c | = | specific heat |
| Gr | = | Grashof number |
| = | heat transfer coefficient | |
| k | = | thermal conductivity |
| £ | = | characteristic dimension |
| = | average Nusselt number | |
| Pr | = | Prandtl number |
| Qm | = | rate of metabolic heat generation |
| r | = | coordinate direction |
| T | = | temperature |
| t | = | material thickness |
| x | = | coordinate direction |
| ρ | = | density |
| ω | = | blood perfusion rate |
| Subscripts | = | |
| b | = | blood |
| f | = | foam |
| i | = | material layer index |
| s | = | surface |
| ∞ | = | ambient |