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Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications
An International Journal of Computation and Methodology
Volume 70, 2016 - Issue 6
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Original Articles

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of water droplet flows in a submicron parallel-plate channel for different temperature and surface-wetting conditions

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Pages 595-612 | Received 04 Feb 2016, Accepted 29 Apr 2016, Published online: 18 Aug 2016
 

ABSTRACT

The effects of temperature-dependent thermophysical properties on droplet flow characteristics in a parallel-plate channel at submicron scale are investigated. The dissipative particle dynamics method with many-body (MDPD) and energy conservation (DPDe) configurations (MDPDe) was used. Droplet flows were simulated to study the effects of the temperature difference between top and bottom walls, body force on MDPDe particles, and wall-wetting conditions. The effects on the droplet flow were discussed. Droplet flows with a subzero wall temperature were simulated. An ice layer was formed on the wall. Its thickness and shape changed depending on surface wetting, temperature gradient, and body force.

Nomenclature

A1, A2=

attractive and repulsive strengths in the conservative force

Cv=

specific heat at constant volume, Jkg−1 K−1

C1, C2=

constants used in Eq. (20)

D=

diffusivity, m2 s−1

DPD=

dissipative particle dynamics

DPDe=

dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation

e=

unit vector

f=

force, N

Gs=

Galilei number

gc=

body force, N

K=

proportionality constant

kb=

Boltzmann constant

l=

length scale, m

L=

latent heat, J

Lx, Ly, Lz=

spacial lengths, m

m=

mass, kg

MDPD=

many-body DPD

MDPDe=

DPDe with MDPD feature

ndim=

number of dimensions

Ntot=

total number of MDPDe particles

P=

pressure, Pa

Pr=

Prandtl number (µ(ρα)−1)

Qc=

counteracting heat flux, Wm−2

r=

interparticle distance

rc=

cutoff radius

Sc=

Schmidt number, (νD−1)

T=

temperature, K

Tm=

melting or freezing temperature, K

t=

time, s

v=

velocity vector

α=

thermal diffusivity, m2 s−1

β=

ratio between fluid and solid density

γ=

dissipative strength

ϵ=

internal energy, Jkg−1

ζ, ζe=

random numbers with zero mean and unit variance

κ=

strength of conductive heat flux

κo=

heat friction coefficient

λ=

thermal conductivity, Wm−1 K−1

µ=

dynamic viscosity, Pa · s

Π=

dimensionless temperature, (T − T)/(TH − TC)

ρ=

DPDe density

=

weighted local density

σ=

strength of random interactions

ω=

weighting function

Subscripts=
BOT=

bottom

H=

hot

C=

cold

drop=

droplet

ext=

external

i, j=

indices

ref=

reference

s, l=

solid, liquid

TOP=

top

x, y, z=

direction

Superscripts=
C=

conservative

D=

dissipative

Ch=

conductive heat

Rh=

random heat

Vh=

viscous heat

R=

random

=

real

sv=

exponential of dissipative weighting function

Nomenclature

A1, A2=

attractive and repulsive strengths in the conservative force

Cv=

specific heat at constant volume, Jkg−1 K−1

C1, C2=

constants used in Eq. (20)

D=

diffusivity, m2 s−1

DPD=

dissipative particle dynamics

DPDe=

dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation

e=

unit vector

f=

force, N

Gs=

Galilei number

gc=

body force, N

K=

proportionality constant

kb=

Boltzmann constant

l=

length scale, m

L=

latent heat, J

Lx, Ly, Lz=

spacial lengths, m

m=

mass, kg

MDPD=

many-body DPD

MDPDe=

DPDe with MDPD feature

ndim=

number of dimensions

Ntot=

total number of MDPDe particles

P=

pressure, Pa

Pr=

Prandtl number (µ(ρα)−1)

Qc=

counteracting heat flux, Wm−2

r=

interparticle distance

rc=

cutoff radius

Sc=

Schmidt number, (νD−1)

T=

temperature, K

Tm=

melting or freezing temperature, K

t=

time, s

v=

velocity vector

α=

thermal diffusivity, m2 s−1

β=

ratio between fluid and solid density

γ=

dissipative strength

ϵ=

internal energy, Jkg−1

ζ, ζe=

random numbers with zero mean and unit variance

κ=

strength of conductive heat flux

κo=

heat friction coefficient

λ=

thermal conductivity, Wm−1 K−1

µ=

dynamic viscosity, Pa · s

Π=

dimensionless temperature, (T − T)/(TH − TC)

ρ=

DPDe density

=

weighted local density

σ=

strength of random interactions

ω=

weighting function

Subscripts=
BOT=

bottom

H=

hot

C=

cold

drop=

droplet

ext=

external

i, j=

indices

ref=

reference

s, l=

solid, liquid

TOP=

top

x, y, z=

direction

Superscripts=
C=

conservative

D=

dissipative

Ch=

conductive heat

Rh=

random heat

Vh=

viscous heat

R=

random

=

real

sv=

exponential of dissipative weighting function

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