Mixed convective MHD flow of Williamson fluid over a nonlinear stretching curved surface with variable thermal conductivity and activation energy

Abstract

The mixed convection and electrically conducting flow of two-dimensional Williamson fluid across a nonlinear stretched curvy sheet in the presence of suction/injection, variable thermal conductivity, heat sink/source, and activation energy with convective boundary conditions are discussed in this article. A system of nonlinear PDEs is converted to a system of nonlinear ODEs using similarity transformations. Instead of focusing on the local effect of the Williamson fluid parameter $\lambda ,$ this study looks at the global impact. Using graphs, we examine how suction/injection, variable thermal conductivity, heat sink/source, and activation energy affect the resulting velocity, temperature, pressure, and concentration profiles. Physical quantities of interest to engineers are tabulated as well, including the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. Both thermal and mass buoyancy force parameters directly correlate with thermal and concentration profiles. This study plays an imperative role in biological and chemical engineering.

Keywords:

• Activation energy
• heat sink/source
• MHD Williamson fluid
• nonlinear stretching
• porous curved surface