Nonsimilar solution of hybrid nanofluid over curved stretching surface with viscous dissipation: A numerical study

Abstract

In this research work, numerical simulations and mathematical modeling are introduced for the mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved stretching surface. The energy equation is modeled subjected to viscous dissipation, a heat source with radiative heat flow. Convective and velocity slip conditions are assumed at the stretchable surface. The Eckert number and Grashof number contained the independent variable "s" which is not suitable for the dimensionless parameters. In this regard, the problem is solved by a nonsimilar approach. The nonsimilar approach has not been tried before on a curved stretching surface. Furthermore, alumina and copper are taken as nanoparticles, and blood is taken as a base fluid. A nonsimilarity transformation is used to transform the governing equation into dimensionless (PDEs). Converting these PDEs into ODEs by using the local nonsimilarity method. The familiar Bvp4c is used to perform numerical computations for a dimensionless nonlinear system. Significant results for velocity and temperature profiles for different parameters are comprehensively presented and discussed. Results indicated that increasing the volume fraction of the base fluid increased the fluid velocity and temperature. The volume fraction of alumina and copper nanoparticles decreases the fluid velocity and boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, the slip condition decreases the fluid velocity, and the fluid becomes static if the slip parameter value is greater than fifty.

Keywords:

• Curved stretching surface
• mixed convection
• nonsimilarity transformation
• slip condition