Model-based comparison of hybrid nanofluid Darcy-Forchheimer flow subject to quadratic convection and frictional heating with multiple slip conditions

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids provide several advantages over conventional fluids, including improved thermal characteristics, increased stability, customizable features, multifunctionality, and environmental advantages. Hybrid nanofluids are an appealing alternative for a variety of applications due to these benefits. This study aims to compute the non-similar solution of single-multi wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-MWCNTs)-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined extending surface. Heat transmission and flow are observed under the effects of quadratic convection, Darcy-Forchheimer quadratic drag forces, viscous dissipation, and non-linear thermal radiative heat flux. The velocity and thermal slip constraints are imposed at the inclined surface. For the model-based comparison, Xue, and Modified Hamilton Crosser thermal conductivity models for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are adopted. The irreversibility of the system is also investigated using the second law of thermodynamics for the distinct CNTs-based thermal conductivity models. Non-similarity variables are adopted to convert nonlinear partial differential equations into dimensionless PDEs. Analytical modeling of non-similar systems is done by adopting non-similarity transformations up to second-level truncation, and the bvp4c technique is then used to compute the results numerically. The research found that at 75^° of plate inclination, the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs outperforms the Xue model in terms of heat transfer rate. Further, entropy generation is significantly larger for the Xue model than for the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs against higher values of viscous dissipation and porosity parameters. It is also revealed that for opposing buoyancy force G_R < 0, the temperature of the fluid escalates. This study possesses multiple applications including petroleum engineering, heat exchangers, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications.

Keywords:

• Darcy-Forchheimer quadratic drag force
• hybrid nanofluid
• modified hamilton crosser/xue models for CNTs
• non-linear thermal radiation
• quadratic convection

Author contribution

M.R. supervised and considered the idea; N. S., wrote the manuscript; S.K., and S.M.E., worked on the software; C.A.S., helped in editing, and validation; A.M.S., helped in revising the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors state that they have no known competing financial interests or personal ties that could appear to have influenced the work described in this study.

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/45/44.