Optimizing energy generation in power-law nanofluid flow through curved arteries with gold nanoparticles

Abstract

The investigation of blood flow into curved arteries is fascinating and essential to prevent the advancement of vascular disease. Motivated by electro-kinetic manipulation, gold nanoparticles, and their size applications, a mathematical model is developed to explain blood flow, entropy generation, and electro-kinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency in curved arterial flow. To make this study more realistic, a patient-specific overlapped stenosis condition and non-Newtonian (power-law fluid) blood flow model have been considered. The effects of a magnetic field, external heating, and chemical reactions are also included. The Stone’s strongly implicit scheme has been considered to solve the system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDE’s) in the” MATLAB” software. In this numerical investigation, an error tolerance of ${10}^{-6}$ has been considered for every iteration step under Stone’s scheme. The significance of various physical parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction (m), their size (dp), magnetic field intensity (M), inverse Debye length ($\overline{\kappa }$), flow behavior index (Sc), heat source (H), and chemical reaction parameter (ξ) on the blood flow velocity, temperature, concentration, EKEC efficiency, and entropy generation have been explained graphically. This study also developed stream function contours to describe flow trapping patterns. The findings of this study conclude that the blood flow EKEC efficiency reduces with the presence of nanoparticles and stenosis in the artery. In addition, both flow velocity and entropy enhance by adopting large-size nanoparticles instead of small diametric nanoparticles. Clinical researchers and biologists may use the results of this computational study to forecast endothelial cell damage and plaque deposition in curved arteries with WSS profiles, by which the severity of these conditions can be reduced.

Keywords:

• Blood flow
• EKEC efficiency
• entropy generation
• gold nanoparticle
• power-law fluid