Investigation of heat transfer phenomenon in a complex wavy divergent channel under the effects of thermal radiation, joule heating and electroosmosis

Abstract

The heat transfer analysis in electro osmotic flow of nanofluid is studied through the complex wavy channel under the consideration of joule heat and thermal radiation effects. The Ellis fluid is considered a base fluid and gold particles are suspended in them. The complex system of equations is converted to dimensionless form with the help of dimensionless transformation and parameters. The concepts of longer wavelength and lower Reynolds number are utilized to simplify the problem and obtain the exact solution of velocity and temperature distribution by using the built-in command DSolve in the mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3. The graphs are plotted with the same software to check the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines with the following range of parameters ${-5\le \mathrm{U}}_{\mathcal{H}\mathcal{S}}\le 5,$ $0\le \beta \le 5,$ $0\le \alpha \le 3,$ $0<k\le 5,$ $0\le \varphi \le 0.04,$ $20\le \mathcal{P}r\le 28,$ ${0\le \mathcal{R}}_n\le 5.$ The computational results reported that the electroosmotic parameter, Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, and material parameter reduce the velocity in the initial region and enhance the final region of the channel. It is also noted that the velocity profile exhibits increasing and decreasing behavior in the initial and final region respectively with upgrading the values of volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is strongly affected by material parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta ,$ thermal radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and joule heating and these parameters promote the heat transfer rate of the system. The novel research of the current study shows the examination of the heat transfer analysis of blood-gold nanofluid in the presence of an electrical double layer and thermal radiation with the help of the Ellis nanofluid flow model through a complex symmetric wavy channel. The results of the present investigation are useful for the early detection of renal diseases and monitoring of disease progression because of the unique properties of gold nanoparticles. The role of gold nanoparticles as imaging agents, drug delivery antioxidant properties, biosensing, targeted therapy, and renal clearance makes them the perfect choice for renal diseases.

Keywords:

• Divergent channel
• electro osmotic flow
• nanofluid
• trapping phenomena and heat transfer rate

Acknowledgment

The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-45).

Future research

In future research, this model can be extended with surface roughness or ciliated walls of geometry to improve results. One can change the geometry from channel to tube.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by Taif University, Saudi Arabia, Project No. (TU-DSPP-2024-45).