Entropy generation on MHD flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluid over a permeable curved stretching/shrinking sheet with various radiations

Abstract

The research aims to scrutinize the significance of MHD, radiation, Joule heating, porous medium, and heat generation impacts on the convective boundary flow. It contains blood as the base fluid, silver (Ag), and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) as the nanoparticles over a curved stretching and shrinking sheet. To investigate the rheology of blood, we used a Williamson fluid model with comparisons for both curved stretching/shrinking sheets for velocity and a comparison between linear and nonlinear thermal radiation for temperature, entropy production, and Bejan number. This model is used to study physiological systems, surgical procedures, and nano-pharmacological delivery systems. The governing nonlinear coupled PDEs are transformed into nonlinear associated ODEs via the similarity transformation in the Maple software solver using the Homotopy Perturbation Method. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) results are compared with the Numerical Method (NM) results, where HPM gives reliable results. The results and discussion provide graphical results with several parameters for velocity, temperature, entropy production, Bejan number, Nusselt number, and skin friction. As the magnetic field parameter (M) increases, the velocity profile decreases for curved stretching sheet. We observe the opposite behavior of the velocity profile for a curved shrinking sheet. As the volume fractions increase, the temperature profile increases for linear and non-linear thermal radiation. The temperature profile rises due to the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, which is amplified by estimations of the nanoparticle volume fractions.

Keywords:

• Entropy generation
• Homotopy Perturbation Method
• MHD
• non-linear thermal radiation
• porosity
• Williamson fluid