Optimization and heat transfer analysis for MHD radiative natural convective flow of hybrid nanofluid within a partially heated cavity

Abstract

The current study consists of optimization and heat transfer analysis for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative-natural convective flow of hybrid nanofluid (mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles with ethylene glycol (base fluid)) saturated inside the partially heated isosceles triangular cavity. Additionally, the current analysis investigates the distraction of available energy during thermal mixing and flow friction through local entropy generation. The conservation laws of total mass, momentum, and energy balance equations have been utilized to govern the physical flow problem. After eradicating the pressure terms in the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) via the penalty technique, the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) with the Newton-Raphson technique has been utilized to solve it. The outcomes established that the concentration of silver nanoparticles, as compared to copper nanoparticles, gives better energy transport. An increase in the concentration of nano-particles from $({\varphi }_1={\varphi }_2=0)$ to $({\varphi }_1={\varphi }_2=0.1)$ increased the intensity of streamlines from ${\psi }_{\mathrm{\text{max}}}=1.5$ to ${\psi }_{\mathrm{\text{max}}}=4$ and energy transmit rate increases by $57.4\mathrm{\%}.$ The influence of thermal radiation decreased the fluid flow friction or local entropy via fluid flow.

Keywords:

• Entropy generation
• finite element method (FEM)
• hybrid nanofluid
• MHD
• partially heated cavity
• thermal radiationl

Disclosure statement

The authors have no known financial or professional conflicts of interest.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Additional information

Funding

No funds, grants, or other support was received.