Modeling of EMHD ternary hybrid Williamson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with temperature jump and magnetic induction

Abstract

This study explores the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of an incompressible Williamson ternary hybrid nanofluid (WTHNF) over an unsteady stretching surface, influenced by external electric and magnetic fields, thermal radiation, and a porous boundary. The WTHNF consists of ZrO₂, MoS₂, and GO nanoparticles suspended in water. By applying suitable transformations, the fundamental equations are simplified and solved numerically using the Explicit Runge Kutta Method (ERKM). The research investigates how various physical parameters, such as electric and magnetic field strengths, thermal radiation, porous plate permeability, velocity slip, and temperature jump, impact the velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. The findings offer valuable insights into the interactions between WTHNF and external factors, which can inform the design and optimization of advanced heat transfer and fluid flow systems in engineering. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of WTHNF to enhance heat transfer rates, making it a promising candidate for cooling systems, heat exchangers, and energy storage devices. The research contributes to developing more efficient and sustainable technologies in aerospace, biomedical engineering, and renewable energy. Moreover, the results provide a foundation for future research on the behavior of complex fluids under various external influences. This could lead to the creation of more advanced fluid flow systems, improving efficiency and performance across numerous applications.

Keywords:

• External electric and magnetic fields
• temperature jump
• ternary hybrid nanofluid
• Williamson model

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under [grant number “RGP2/400/45”].