ABSTRACT
Metformin is a widely prescribed oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II diabetes. This article accentuates various analytical methods viz. HPLC, HPTLC, spectrophotometric, electrochemical, capillary electrophoresis and LC–MS for the estimation of metformin in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological matrices.
Abbreviations
APCI–MS | = | Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization- mass spectrometry |
BCS | = | Biopharmaceutics classification system |
CE | = | Capillary electrophoresis |
CPE | = | Carbon paste electrode |
CZE | = | Capillary zone electrophoresis |
Da | = | Dalton |
DAD | = | Diode array detector |
DPV | = | Diffrential pulse voltammetry |
EC | = | Electrochemical |
ESI–MS | = | Electrospray ionization- mass spectrometry |
HCl | = | Hydrochloride |
HPLC | = | High performance liquid chromatography |
HPTLC | = | High performance thin layer chromatography |
IR | = | Immediate release |
LC–MS | = | Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry |
LDTD–MS | = | Laser diode thermal desorption- mass spectrometry |
LLOQ | = | Lower limit of quantification |
LOD | = | Limit of detection |
LOQ | = | Limit of quantification |
LSV | = | Linear sweep voltammetry |
MET | = | Metformin |
MF-RE | = | Metformin reineckate |
MF-TSA | = | Metformin tungstosilicate |
MP | = | Mobile phase |
MRM–MS | = | Multiple reaction monitoring- mass spectrometry |
MWCNTPE | = | Multi walled carbon nanotube paste electrode |
NIDDM | = | Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
PDA | = | Photo diode array |
PVC | = | Polyvinyl chloride |
Rf | = | Retention factor |
SRM | = | Selected reaction monitoring |
SWV | = | Square wave voltammetry |
UV | = | Ultraviolet |
Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
Authors are thankful to Vice Chancellor, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India, for providing encouragement and library facilities to carry out this work.