Combination of Cyclodextrin and Ionic Liquid in Analytical Chemistry: Current and Future Perspectives

ABSTRACT

The growth in driving force and popularity of cyclodextrin (CDs) and ionic liquids (ILs) as promising materials in the field of analytical chemistry has resulted in an exponentially increase of their exploitation and production in analytical chemistry field. CDs belong to the family of cyclic oligosaccharides composing of α-(1,4) linked glucopyranose subunits and possess a cage-like supramolecular structure. This structure enables chemical reactions to proceed between interacting ions, radical or molecules in the absence of covalent bonds. Conversely, ILs are an ionic fluids comprising of only cation and anion often with immeasurable vapor pressure making them as green or designer solvent. The cooperative effect between CD and IL due to their fascinating properties, have nowadays contributed their footprints for a better development in analytical chemistry nowadays. This comprehensive review serves to give an overview on some of the recent studies and provides an analytical trend for the application of CDs with the combination of ILs that possess beneficial and remarkable effects in analytical chemistry including their use in various sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, cloud point extraction, microextraction, and separation techniques which includes gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis as well as applications of electrochemical sensors as electrode modifiers with references to recent applications. This review will highlight the nature of interactions and synergic effects between CDs, ILs, and analytes. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further research in analytical chemistry.

KEYWORDS:

• Analytical chemistry
• cyclodextrin(s)
• ionic liquid(s)
• sample preparation
• sensor
• separation science

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

The authors would like to seize this opportunity to express their gratitude to Universiti Sains Malaysia for the USM Research University Grant (1001/CIPPT/811322), and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia (FRGS, 203/CIPPT/6711557) for their financial support.