State-of-the-Art on Functional Titanium Dioxide-Integrated Nano-Hybrids in Electrical Biosensors

Abstract

Biosensors operating based on electrical methods are being accelerated toward rapid and efficient detection that improve the performance of the device. Continuous study in nano- and material-sciences has led to the inflection with properties of nanomaterials that fit the trend parallel to the biosensor evolution. Advancements in technology that focuses on nano-hybrid are being used to develop biosensors with better detection strategies. In this sense, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanomaterials have attracted extensive interest in the construction of electrical biosensors. The formation of TiO₂ nano-hybrid as an electrical transducing material has revealed good results with high performance. The modification of the sensing portion with a combination (nano-hybrid form) of nanomaterials has produced excellent sensors in terms of stability, reproducibility, and enhanced sensitivity. This review highlights recent research advancements with functional TiO₂ nano-hybrid materials, and their victorious story in the construction of electrical biosensors are discussed. Future research directions with commercialization of these devices and their extensive utilizations are also discussed.

Keywords:

• Electrochemical biosensor
• electronic transducer
• nanocomposite
• organic–inorganic materials
• quantitative biosensor

This work is financially supported by HICOE (Phase II) fund–“MEMS for Biomedical Devices (Artificial Kidney)(grant no. AKU254)” from Ministry of Education, Modal Insan Fund (grant no. MI-2019-005) and Dana Impak Perdana (grant no. DIP-2018-006) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

Additional information

Funding

This work is financially supported by HICOE (Phase II) fund–“MEMS for Biomedical Devices (Artificial Kidney)(grant no. AKU254)” from Ministry of Education, Modal Insan Fund (grant no. MI-2019-005) and Dana Impak Perdana (grant no. DIP-2018-006) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).