A Critical Systematic Review of Developing Aptasensors for Diagnosis and Detection of Diabetes Biomarkers

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is known as an epidemic problem of public health in worldwide. According to the reports of International Diabetes Federation, the global number of diabetic adults has been growing annually. Unfortunately, millions of diabetes cases may remain undiagnosed every year. Unfortunately, the glucose level of blood can be fluctuated by lifestyle. So, development of reliable, simple and fast response diagnostic methods is urgently required. Aptamer-based sensors have been recently developed as a sensitive and fast method for the diagnosis and detection of diabetes. We systematically checked the scientific literature including studies related to aptasensors as a diagnostic tool for diabetes. Many electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Science Direct were searched up to 2020. The present study obviously demonstrates important and unavoidable role of aptasensors as a potential technique for the diagnosis of diabetes. Different aptasenosrs such as optical, mass-related, microfluidic, and electrochemical aptasenors were successfully designed for diagnosis of diabetic biomarkers in desired range which is necessary for diagnosis or pre-diagnosis of diabetes. Although the introduced aptasensors were interestingly useful for detection of biomarkers in biological samples, but some defects may limit the incorporation of aptasensors, especially optical, mass-related, and microfluidic types, and lateral flow strips with point-of-care test (POCT) method which is necessary for self-controlling the diabetes. The results obviously demonstrate that electrochemical aptasensors, specially label-free types, due to the unbelievable sensitivity and easy to fabrication can be a promising methods for designing the POCT chips to diagnosis the diabetic biomarkers.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic illustration of application of aptasensors for detection of important diabetes biomarkers such as insulin, HbA1c, glycated albumin (GA), visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt).

Keywords:

• Aptamer
• aptasensor
• diabetes
• diabetes biomarkes

Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran for financial supports of this work.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare there are no Complete of Interest at this study