https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-8938![Sample our Physical Sciences journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/110819/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Physical-Sciences.jpg"})
Abstract
Environmental measures have drawn more attention recently as a means of identifying cost-effective, safe, and green approaches in analytical methods. As a result, white and green analytical chemistry was developed. Greenness, whiteness, and chemical risks are all measured under the general expression “environmental measurements.” For the first time, the greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk-measuring programs are presented along with their histories, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages. The six scales that were published between 2020 and 2023, including the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE), the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI), Red-Green-Blue (RGB12), blue applicability grade index (BAGI), and the Chloroform-oriented Toxicity Estimation (ChlorTox) scales are discussed. Also, the applications of several analytical methods have been compared. Lastly, patterns for the future were suggested. We hope this review is helpful for analysts to stay up-to-date with recent greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk scales. Additionally, the most appropriate procedure has been chosen, applied, and compared easily.
Author contributions
Farah Abdulraouf Semysim and Barakat Kareem Hussain: visualization, writing original draft. Maha Abbas Hussien: writing original draft. Ebaa Adnan Azooz and Denys Snigur: correspondence, writing–review and editing.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
No data was used for the research described in the article.