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Abstract
Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed, including the correlations between expression of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in tissues, serum, and urine of patients with pancreatitis or cancer and clinicopathological characteristics, i.e., the roles of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in spontaneous and hereditary pancreatitis, tumor progression, and prognosis.
| Abbreviations | ||
| AAT | = | α1-antitrypsin |
| A2M | = | α2-macroglobulin |
| AFP | = | α-fetoprotein |
| API | = | α1-proteinase inhibitor |
| CA 19-9 | = | cancer antigen 19-9 |
| CEA | = | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CRP | = | C-reactive protein |
| ECM | = | extracellular matrix |
| EGF | = | epidermal growth factor |
| ERCP | = | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| hCGβ | = | human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit |
| hK2 | = | human kallikrein-2 |
| HUGO | = | Human Genome Organization |
| IL | = | interleukin |
| MMP | = | matrix metalloproteinase |
| NSE | = | neuron-specific enolase |
| PAR-2 | = | proteinase-activated receptor-2 |
| prouPA | = | prourokinase-type plasminogen activator |
| PRSS | = | protease serine |
| PSA | = | prostate-specific antigen |
| PSTI | = | pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor |
| RCC | = | renal cell cancer |
| RT-PCR | = | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| SCC | = | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SDS-PAGE | = | sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| SPINK1 | = | serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 |
| TAT | = | tumor-associated trypsinogen |
| TATI | = | tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor |
| TGF-α | = | transforming growth factor-α |
| TNF-α | = | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| TNM | = | tumor-node-metastasis |
| TPA | = | tissue polypeptide antigen. |
| Abbreviations | ||
| AAT | = | α1-antitrypsin |
| A2M | = | α2-macroglobulin |
| AFP | = | α-fetoprotein |
| API | = | α1-proteinase inhibitor |
| CA 19-9 | = | cancer antigen 19-9 |
| CEA | = | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CRP | = | C-reactive protein |
| ECM | = | extracellular matrix |
| EGF | = | epidermal growth factor |
| ERCP | = | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| hCGβ | = | human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit |
| hK2 | = | human kallikrein-2 |
| HUGO | = | Human Genome Organization |
| IL | = | interleukin |
| MMP | = | matrix metalloproteinase |
| NSE | = | neuron-specific enolase |
| PAR-2 | = | proteinase-activated receptor-2 |
| prouPA | = | prourokinase-type plasminogen activator |
| PRSS | = | protease serine |
| PSA | = | prostate-specific antigen |
| PSTI | = | pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor |
| RCC | = | renal cell cancer |
| RT-PCR | = | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| SCC | = | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SDS-PAGE | = | sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| SPINK1 | = | serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 |
| TAT | = | tumor-associated trypsinogen |
| TATI | = | tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor |
| TGF-α | = | transforming growth factor-α |
| TNF-α | = | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| TNM | = | tumor-node-metastasis |
| TPA | = | tissue polypeptide antigen. |