Macroalgal dietary glycans: potential source for human gut bacteria and enhancing immune system for better health

Abstract

Macroalgae are the diverse group of photosynthetic algae found at the intertidal regions of oceans. Recent advances suggest that macroalgal derived glycans have tremendous potential to maintain gut microbiome and immune system. The human gut bacteria harbor unique arsenals for utilizing a variety of macroalgal glycans, and produce a variety of oligosaccharides in vivo. Those oligosaccharides interact with immune cell receptors, and also are available for microbial fermentation, thus play magnificent roles in balancing the gut homeostasis. However, this area of research is still in infancy condition in term to understand their molecular interactions. For wooing this area, we urge to emphasize more studies on mechanistic level sympathetic of depolymerizing marine dietary glycans by gut bacteria and elucidating molecular aspect of glycans to cell receptors interactions. This will invent new nutraceutical strategies to purposefully manipulate the microbial composition to improve health. Therefore, review focuses on the recent development of mechanistic understanding of human gut bacterial communities for utilizing macroalgal derived glycans. Recent trends of application of glycans in modulating immune system at mechanistic level and their available evidences are discussed.

Keywords:

• Bacteria
• biocomposites
• immune system
• macroalgae
• polysaccharides utilization locus
• polysaccharides

Acknowledgments

R. P. Singh would like to thank Department of Biotechnology, India for providing Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship. Thanks to Manorma Negi who has helped with preparing Figure 4.