A critical review on multifunctional smart materials ‘nanographene’ emerging avenue: nano-imaging and biosensor applications

Abstract

Smart electronic materials ‘nanographene’ stated, its significant authentication has undergone massive improvements and has emerged as a ‘material of the century’ in materialize fields of ‘Chemical Biology’ and ‘Materials Chemistry’. ‘Graphene’ as a wonder material has been proposed to possess a high surface area (∼2600 m² g⁻¹), high portability of charge carriers and excellent mechanical qualities. Moreover, the long-extend π-conjugation of graphene is an essential photocatalytic property enabling wide ranging biosensor activities. Herein, critical review article reflects well known yet a brand-new novel material ‘nanographene’ and its versatile integrations, utilized for substantial enrichment of desired properties. Target cost-effectiveness, plasticity, and environment-friendliness of melt mixing/compounding fabrication strategy employed to utilize in-vivo, in-vitro, and in- situ, pharmaceutical, nano-imaging protocols. Owing to nanographene’s wide range expansion, summarized latest breakthroughs in Materials Science as well as Biomedical utilizations including cancer nanotechnology, drug delivery, tissue manufacturing, scaffold, photo-thermal therapy, antimicrobial activities, made up of exploring the significant opportunities and key challenges in this novel emerging field.

Keywords:

• Graphene
• nanotechnology
• nano-imaging
• in vivo
• biosensors

Acknowledgments

The author Dr. Kaushik Pal is grateful to his associate colleagues and Doctoral/Postdoctoral research scholars from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Especially, Dr. Pal, owe to his sincere thanks to all scientific operators, Dean and Director (IKTBN, Sepang) also gratefully acknowledged for providing excellence of the research foundation.

Declarations of interest

There is no conflict of interest for publishing this article

Funding

There is no funded scheme alloted for this work performance successfully.