Relations Among Teachers’ Emotion Socialization Beliefs and Practices and Preschoolers’ Emotional Competence

Abstract

Research Findings: Utilizing a 3-part model of emotion socialization that included modeling, contingent responding, and teaching, this study examined the associations between 44 teachers’ self-reported and observed emotion socialization practices and 326 preschoolers’ emotion knowledge and observed emotional behavior. Multilevel analyses revealed that the majority of the variance in the children's emotion knowledge scores and observed emotional behavior was predicted by factors within, rather than between, classrooms. Teachers’ use of all 3 emotion socialization techniques did contribute to the prediction of the children's scores; however, the nature of these associations differed by children's age and gender. Practice or Policy: The development of children's emotional competence is a complex, multifaceted process in which many interaction partners play a role. Early childhood teachers act as emotion socialization agents for the children in their care by modeling emotions, responding either supportively or punitively to children's expressions of emotions, and engaging in direct instruction regarding emotional experience. This research may provide a basis for potential future interventions designed to assist teachers in developing their own emotion socialization skills so that they can be more effective emotion socialization agents for the children in their care.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the children and teachers who participated, the assessment team, colleagues, and family members for their support of this project.

This study represents Carol A. S. Morris's dissertation research and was part of a larger longitudinal study funded by Grant No. 1R01-HD051514 from the National Institutes of Health.

Notes

Note. Range of raw AKT scores = 5–24; possible range = 0–24. AKT = Affect Knowledge Test; MPAC-R-S/F = Minnesota Preschool Affect Checklist–Revised–Short Form; CLASS-PK = Classroom Assessment Scoring System–Pre-K; CEQ = Classroom Expressiveness Questionnaire; CCNES = Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale; TESST = Teacher Emotion Socialization Self-Test.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Note. AKT = Affect Knowledge Test; MPAC-R-S/F = Minnesota Preschool Affect Checklist–Revised–Short Form; CLASS-PK = Classroom Assessment Scoring System–Pre-K; CEQ = Classroom Expressiveness Questionnaire; CCNES = Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale; TESST = Teacher Emotion Socialization Self-Test.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.