307
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

An examination of the heterogenous nature of literacy development in Spanish-speaking preschool children

, &
Pages 111-127 | Published online: 09 Jan 2022
 

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the emergent literacy profiles of preschool Spanish-speaking children. Participants included 440 children in dual-language classrooms who were assessed in English and Spanish at the beginning and end of their preschool year. Research Findings: Through latent profile analysis, conducted with fall data, four empirically derived emergent literacy profiles emerged. Further analyses were conducted to determine if there were differential relations between the literacy profiles and spring early reading measures of alphabet knowledge and oral language, measures that are typically used to evaluate kindergarten readiness for literacy instruction. Practice or Policy: Results highlight the heterogeneous nature of emergent literacy development in Spanish-speaking children and demonstrate the need for individualized literacy instruction during the preschool years.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

References

  • Anthony, J. L., Williams, J. M., McDonald, R., Corbitt-Shindler, D., Carlson, C. D., & Francis, D. J. (2006). Phonological processing and emergent literacy in Spanish-speaking preschool children. Annals of Dyslexia, 56(2), 239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-006-0011-5
  • Anthony, J. L., Williams, J. M., McDonald, R., & Francis, D. J. (2007). Phonological processing and emergent literacy in younger and older preschool children. Annals of Dyslexia, 57(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-007-0008-8
  • Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using M plus. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915181
  • August, D., & Shanahan, T. (2006). Developing literacy in second language learners. Report of the National Literacy Panel on Minority-Language Children and Youth.
  • Baker, M., & Páez, M. (2018). Dual language learners in Head Start, public pre-K, and private preschool programs.
  • Bedore, L. M., Peña, E. D., Gillam, R. B., & Ho, T.-H. (2010). Language sample measures and language ability in Spanish-English bilingual kindergarteners. Journal of Communication Disorders, 43(6), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.002
  • Bolck, A., Croon, M., & Hagenaars, J. (2004). Estimating latent structure models with categorical variables: One-step versus three-step estimators. Political Analysis, 12(1), 3–27.
  • Brownell, R. (Ed.). (2000a). Expressive one-word picture vocabulary test manual (3rd ed.). Academic Therapy Publications.
  • Brownell, R. (2000b). Receptive one-word picture vocabulary test. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
  • Brownell, R. (2001). Expressive one-word picture vocabulary test – Spanish-English bilingual edition. Academic Therapy Publications.
  • Buysse, V., Peisner-Feinberg, E., Páez, M., Hammer, C. S., & Knowles, M. (2014). Effects of early education programs and practices on the development and learning of dual language learners: A review of the literature. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.08.004
  • Cabell, S. Q., Justice, L. M., Logan, J. A. R., & Konold, T. R. (2013). Emergent literacy profiles among prekindergarten children from low-SES backgrounds: Longitudinal considerations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(3), 608–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.03.007
  • Clark, S. L., & Muthén, B. (2009). Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis.
  • Cummins, J. (1979). Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question and some other matters (Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 19).
  • Davison, M. D., Hammer, C. S., & Lawrence, F. R. (2011). Associations between preschool language and first grade reading outcomes in bilingual children. Journal of Communication Disorders, 44(4), 444–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.02.003
  • Dickinson, D. K., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2010). Speaking out for language: Why language is central to reading development. Educational Researcher, 39(4), 305–310. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X10370204
  • Dickinson, D. K., & Tabors, P. O. (2001). Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school. Paul H Brookes Publishing.
  • Durgunoğlu, A. Y. (2002). Cross-linguistic transfer in literacy development and implications for language learners. Annals of Dyslexia, 52(1), 189–204.
  • Emily J. S., Ryan P. G., Tricia A. Z. (2019). Longitudinal stability of reading profiles in individuals with higher functioning autism. Autism, 23(8), 1911–1926. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318812423
  • Ford, K. L., Cabell, S. Q., Konold, T. R., Invernizzi, M., & Gartland, L. B. (2013). Diversity among Spanish-speaking English language learners: Profiles of early literacy skills in kindergarten. Reading and Writing, 26(6), 889–912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012-9397-0
  • Gibson, W. A. (1959). Three multivariate models: Factor analysis, latent structure analysis, and latent profile analysis (Goodrich & Lonigan, 2017). Psychometrika, 24(3), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289845
  • Gonzalez, J., Pollard-Durodola, S., Saenz, L., Soares, D., Davis, H., Resendez, N., & Zhu, L. (2016). Spanish and English early literacy profiles of preschool Latino English language learner children. Early Education and Development, 27(4), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1077038
  • Goodrich, J. M., & Lonigan, C. J. (2017). Language-independent and language-specific aspects of early literacy: An evaluation of the common underlying proficiency model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(6), 782–793. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000179
  • Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193258600700104
  • Grimm, R. P., Solari, E. J., & Gerber, M. M. (2018). A longitudinal investigation of reading development from kindergarten to grade eight in a Spanish-speaking bilingual population. Reading and Writing, 31(3), 559–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9798-1
  • Hammer, C. S., Lawrence, F. R., & Miccio, A. W. (2008). The effect of summer vacation on bilingual preschoolers’ language development. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 22(9), 686–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699200802028033
  • Hoover, J. J., Baca, L. M., & Klingner, J. K. (2016). Why do English learners struggle with reading?: Distinguishing language acquisition from learning disabilities. Corwin Press.
  • Hoover, W. A., & Gough, P. B. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing, 2(2), 127–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401799
  • Hussar, B., Zhang, J., Hein, S., Wang, K., Roberts, A., Cui, J., … Dilig, R. (2020). The condition of education 2020 (NCES 2020–144). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfoasp?pubid=2020144.
  • Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007, Pub. L. No. 110-134, https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/1429
  • Joshi, R. M., & Aaron, P. G. (2000). The component model of reading: Simple view of reading made a little more complex. Reading Psychology, 21(2), 85–97.
  • Kieffer, M. J. (2012). Early oral language and later reading development in Spanish-speaking English language learners: Evidence from a nine-year longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(3), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.02.003
  • Landry, S. H., Assel, M. A., Carlo, M. S., Williams, J. M., Wu, W., & Montroy, J. J. (2019). The effect of the preparing Pequeños small-group cognitive instruction program on academic and concurrent social and behavioral outcomes in young Spanish-speaking dual-language learners. Journal of School Psychology, 73, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.01.001
  • Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Henry, N. W. (1968). Latent structure analysis. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Lindsey, K. A., Manis, F. R., & Bailey, C. E. (2003). Prediction of first-grade reading in Spanish- speaking English-language learners. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(3), 482–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.3.482
  • Loeb, S., Bridges, M., Bassok, D., Fuller, B., & Rumberger, R. W. (2007). How much is too much? The influence of preschool centers on children’s social and cognitive development. Economics of Education Review, 26(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.11.005
  • Lonigan, C. J. (2003). Development and promotion of emergent literacy skills in children at-risk of reading difficulties. Preventing and Remediating Reading Difficulties: Bringing Science to Scale, 23–50.
  • Lonigan, C. J., Burgess, S. R., & Schatschneider, C. (2018). Examining the simple view of reading with elementary school children: Still simple after all these years. Remedial and Special Education, 39(5), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932518764833
  • Lonigan, C. J., Farver, J. M., & Eppe, S. (2002). Preschool comprehensive test of phonological & print processing: Spanish version (P–CTOPPP–S). Tallahassee, FL: Author.
  • Lonigan, C. J., Goodrich, J. M., & Farver, J. M. (2018). Identifying differences in early literacy skills across subgroups of language-minority children: A latent profile analysis. Developmental Psychology, 54(4), 631.
  • Lonigan, C. J., Purpura, D. J., Wilson, S. B., Walker, P. M., & Clancy-Menchetti, J. (2013). Evaluating the components of an emergent literacy intervention for preschool children at risk for reading difficulties. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.010
  • Lonigan, C. J., Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (2002). Preschool comprehensive test of phonological and print processing. Tallahassee, FL: Author.Chicago.
  • Mancilla-Martinez, J., Hwang, J. K., Oh, M. H., & McClain, J. B. (2020). Early elementary grade dual language learners from Spanish-speaking homes struggling with English reading comprehension: The dormant role of language skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(5), 880. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000402
  • Mancilla-Martinez, J., & Jacoby, J. W. (2018). The influence of risk factors on preschoolers’ Spanish vocabulary development in the context of Spanish instruction. Early Education and Development, 29(4), 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1442098
  • Masyn, K. (2013). Latent class analysis and finite mixture modeling. In T. Little (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of quantitative methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 375–393). Oxford University Press.
  • McCardle, P., Scarborough, H. S., & Catts, H. W. (2001). Predicting, explaining, and preventing children’s reading difficulties. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 16(4), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/0938-8982.00023
  • McFarland, J., Hussar, B., De Brey, C., Snyder, T., Wang, X., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., … Bullock Mann, F. (2017). The condition of education 2017 (NCES 2017-144). National Center for Education Statistics.
  • McIntyre, N. S., Solari, E. J., Grimm, R. P., E. Lerro, L., Gonzales, J., & Mundy, P. C. (2017). A comprehensive examination of reading heterogeneity in students with high functioning autism: Distinct reading profiles and their relation to autism symptom severity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(4), 1086–1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3029-0
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus user’s guide. Eighth edition. Muthén & Muthén.
  • National Early Literacy Panel. (2008). Developing early literacy: A scientific synthesis of early literacy development and implications for intervention. National Institute for Literacy. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
  • Nelson, K. E., Welsh, J. A., Trup, E. M. V., & Greenberg, M. T. (2011). Language delays of impoverished preschool children in relation to early academic and emotion recognition skills. First Language, 31(2), 164–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723710391887
  • NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2005). Child care and child development: Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. books.google.com
  • Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535–569.
  • Ozernov‐Palchik, O., Norton, E. S., Sideridis, G., Beach, S. D., Wolf, M., Gabrieli, J. D., & Gaab, N. (2017). Longitudinal stability of pre‐reading skill profiles of kindergarten children: Implications for early screening and theories of reading. Developmental Science, 20(5).
  • Páez, M. M., Tabors, P. O., & López, L. M. (2007). Dual language and literacy development of Spanish-speaking preschool children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.12.007
  • Peña, E. D., Bedore, L. M., & Kester, E. S. (2016). Assessment of language impairment in bilingual children using semantic tasks: Two languages classify better than one. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 51(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12199
  • Peña, E. D., Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B., & Bedore, L. M. (2014). Bilingual English Spanish Assessment (BESA) (Unpublished test document).
  • Quirk, M., Grimm, R., Furlong, M., Nylund-Gibson, K., & Swami, S. (2016). The association of Latino children’s kindergarten school readiness profiles with Grade 2–5 literacy achievement trajectories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(6), 814–829. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000087
  • Speece, D. L., Schatschneider, C., Silverman, R., Case, L. P., Cooper, D. H., & Jacobs, D. M. (2011). Identification of reading problems in first grade within a response-to-intervention framework. The Elementary School Journal, 111(4), 585–607. https://doi.org/10.1086/659032
  • Storch, S. A., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal structural model. Developmental Psychology, 38(6), 934–947. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.6.934
  • Tabors, P. O., Paez, M., & López, L. M. (2003). Dual language abilities of bilingual four-year olds: Initial findings from the early childhood study of language and literacy development of Spanish-speakingchildren. NABE Journal of Research and Practice, 1(1), 70–91.
  • U.S. Department of Education. (2017). Our nation’s English learners: What are their characteristics? National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences.
  • U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). The condition of education 2020 (2020–144), English Language Learners in Public Schools.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Head Start impact study: Final report.
  • Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2002). Latent class cluster analysis. In J. Hagenaars & A. McCutcheon (Eds.), Applied latent class analysis (pp. 89–106). Cambridge University Press.
  • Whitehurst, G. J., & Lonigan, C. J. (1998). Child development and emergent literacy. Child Development, 69(3), 848–872. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06247.x
  • Whitehurst, G. J., & Lonigan, C. J. (2001). Emergent literacy: Development from prereaders to readers. In S. Neuman & D. Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (pp. 11– 30). New York: Guilford.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 290.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.