Prevalence, Predictors, and Psychosocial Mechanism of Cancer Information Avoidance: Findings from a National Survey of U.S. Adults

ABSTRACT

The current study examined the prevalence, predictors, and psychosocial mechanism of cancer information avoidance (CIA). With a nationally representative sample, we sought to confirm the prevalence of CIA among Americans. Studies, based on crisis decision theory, have shown that a lack of personal or interpersonal resources to manage threat-related information leads to information avoidance. Cancer information overload (CIO) and cancer fatalism are known predictors of CIA, and these factors were viewed as a lack of personal resources. We measured interpersonal resources by an individual’s network size. Then, to suggest a psychosocial mechanism of CIA, we tested how those personal resources interacted with interpersonal resources. A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 795 at Wave 1 and 626 at Wave 2). Approximately, 4–5 out of 10 adults had low to high levels of CIA, and they avoided the Internet more than any other source. Items that positively predicted CIA included male gender, being non-Hispanic white, and CIO. Family and personal cancer history negatively predicted CIA. However, the positive relationship between CIO and CIA existed only for people with fewer close friends (i.e., a smaller network size). The lack of personal resources did not lead to CIA for those who had more interpersonal resources that could help them manage threat-related information. The results suggest that social support protects individuals from the emotional stress of cancer information exposure, confirming the buffering model of social support.

Acknowledgments

C. J. Lee. acknowledges the support of the Institute of Communication Research at Seoul National University and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015S1A5A2A03050147). The study sponsors had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing the report, and the decision to submit the report for publication.