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Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) is an important industrial plant used both for food and pharmaceutical purposes. The terpene fraction of this plant, which contains thujones and other mono and sesquiterpenoids, is responsible for many of its therapeutic and culinary properties. We used two extraction methods [hydrodistillation (HD) to obtain the essential oil (EO), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE)] to analyze by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) the terpene fraction extracted from sage dried leaves. α-Thujone, β-thujone and other oxygenated monoterpenes (1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, borneol and bornyl acetate) as well as hydrocarbon (β-caryophyllene and α-humulene) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol, humulene epoxide II and III) were found. The EO contained a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of 1,8-cineole (10.4%), α-thujone (17.3%) and camphor (29.2%), whereas supercritical fluid (SF) extracts contained a significantly higher percentage of borneol (8.4%), bornyl acetate (2.2%), α-humulene (6.4%), viridiflorol (22.1%), humulene epoxide II and III (2.4% and 0.4%), and some unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols. Both EO and SF extracts contained equal amounts of β-thujone (4.8%) and β-caryophyllene (~7%). Our results show that HD of EO is a more efficient and economic method for α- and β-thujone extraction.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to Waters and Dr Durieux for the kind use of the SFE 2000F unit system. This work was financially supported by the Doctorate School in Pharmaceutical and Biomolecular Sciences of the University of Turin, Italy, and by a statutory research (No. ST-15) from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland. The authors acknowledge all of the support received.