Effect of Presentation Format and Expertise on Attacking-Drill Memorization in Soccer

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of expertise and presentation format on memorization processes in 24 expert and 24 novice soccer players, using a 2 × 3 factorial design with factors expertise (novice vs. expert) and presentation format (static vs. dynamic vs. combined). Players completed a recall reconstruction test and rated their invested mental effort after studying a static, dynamic and combined format presentation. Results indicated (a) that novices benefited more from the static than dynamic format, while expert players benefited more from the dynamic than static format; and (b) a negative effect of the combined format on the learning process of the two groups. Findings suggest the need to adapt the presentation format to players with different levels of expertise.

Notes

1. SimulFoot was developed by researchers from the SimGraph team of the Information Science and Systems Laboratory at Aix-Marseille University.

2. FastStone Capture 6.7 was developed by FastStone Soft.

3. Macromedia Flash 7.0 was developed and distributed by Adobe Systems.

4. The phrase multiple external representations refers to using several types of presentation to transmit the same content/information (e.g., oral-written, abstract-concrete)