Evaluation of Ca-alloyed and HAp-reinforced magnesium matrix surface composite properties developed by friction stir processing

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to fabricate AZ31 surface composites (MMSC) through friction stir processing (FSP) by introducing calcium (Ca) as an alloying element and hydroxyapatite (HAp) as reinforcement in different proportions. The analysis reveals that the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase remains more stable in its as-fabricated state, while the Mg₂Ca phase exhibits greater stability during the aging period. The addition of Ca and HAp leads to higher Mg₂Ca and Ca₃Mg₄Al₅ formation during aging process. The incorporation of Ca and HAp results in an increased elastic modulus (E) of the as-fabricated MMSC in comparison to AZ31, with no significant degradation observed following the aging process. The hardness of MMSCs increases with the increase in β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂, and Mg₂Ca phases. Moreover, the incorporation of Ca and HAp results in enhanced corrosion resistance of the as-fabricated MMSCs in comparison to AZ31.

KEYWORDS:

• Friction stir processing
• Mg-metal matrix surface composites
• aging treatment
• biomedical applications

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the SRM-IST, located in Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India, for their unwavering support. Additionally, the NRC at SRM-IST is acknowledged for their assistance with characterization.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

The unprocessed/processed information needed to replicate these results are fully given in the study.

Credit authorship contribution statement

Manidipto Mukherjee: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing. Rahul Mukherjee: Validation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft. Ajay Rahul: Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – original draft. Debdulal Das: Visualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing. Shubhabrata Datta: Supervision, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing.