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Abstract
We examined the association between fruit/vegetable consumption and the risk of hematological malignancies in cohort studies (end of search: August 31, 2016). Total fruit consumption was not associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.92–1.16, I2 = 12.1%, n = 7), acute myeloid leukemia (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94–1.61, I2 = 0%, n = 3), multiple myeloma (MM; RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.72–1.55, I2 = 60.0%, n = 4), and Hodgkin lymphoma. However, citrus fruit consumption was associated with reduced NHL risk (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–1.00, p = .044, I2 = 0%, n = 6). Vegetable intake was marginally associated with reduced NHL risk (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79–1.00, p = .056, I2 = 16.2%, n = 7), but not with acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin lymphoma risk. Nevertheless, NHL risk was inversely associated with cruciferous vegetable consumption (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–1.00, p = .047, I2 = 0%, n = 3). Notably, combined fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with decreased NHL risk (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.96, I2 = 11.2%, n = 3). This meta-analysis reveals possible protective effects; however, confounding and reporting bias could have affected the results.
Acknowledgments
We are extremely thankful to acknowledge the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) for the grant named ‘Identifying the role of nutrition, physical activity and body size in hematological malignancies through systematic reviews and meta-analyses’, funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WCRF NL) and administered by WCRF International as part of the WCRF International program.